Recycling of Postindustrial and Postconsumer Plastics Containing Flame Retardants

Schlummer, Martin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53808-6.00025-1

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Them ost versatile process for dissolution/precipitation (Section 2.3) was developed by Fraunhofer IVV together with CreaCycle GmbH. Their CreaSolv process, [31] which is licensed to other companies,w as tested for expanded-and extruded-polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastic [32,33] as well as for packaging.D issolution/ precipitation processes can separate one polymer from mixtures of polymers as present in multilayer films,o ften PP/PAorPP/PET [34][35][36] or WEEE plastics. [37] Forexample,the NewCycling process,developed by APK AG,can separate the polymers of multilayer films that also contain aluminum foil by stepwise dissolution in methylcyclohexane of PE and PP while increasing temperature according to the Patent.…”

Section: Dissolution/precipitation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most versatile process for dissolution/precipitation (Section 2.3) was developed by Fraunhofer IVV together with CreaCycle GmbH. Their CreaSolv® process, which is licensed to other companies, was tested for expanded‐ and extruded‐ polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastic as well as for packaging. Dissolution/precipitation processes can separate one polymer from mixtures of polymers as present in multilayer films, often PP/PA or PP/PET or WEEE plastics .…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste

et al. 2020

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Increasing the stream of recycled plastic necessitates an approach beyond the traditional recycling via melting and re‐extrusion. Various chemical recycling processes have great potential to enhance recycling rates. In this Review, a summary of the various chemical recycling routes and assessment via life‐cycle analysis is complemented by an extensive list of processes developed by companies active in chemical recycling. We show that each of the currently available processes is applicable for specific plastic waste streams. Thus, only a combination of different technologies can address the plastic waste problem. Research should focus on more realistic, more contaminated and mixed waste streams, while collection and sorting infrastructure will need to be improved, that is, by stricter regulation. This Review aims to inspire both science and innovation for the production of higher value and quality products from plastic recycling suitable for reuse or valorization to create the necessary economic and environmental push for a circular economy.

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Section: Dissolution/precipitation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste

et al. 2020

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“…Das vielseitigste Verfahren im Bereich Lçsen/Ausfällen (Abschnitt 2.3) wurde vom Fraunhofer IVV in Zusammenarbeit mit der CreaCycle GmbH entwickelt. Das CreaSolv -Verfahren [31] wurde schon füre xpandiertes Styropor (EPS) und extrudiertes PS mit Zusatzstoff Hexabromcyclododecan (HBCD), fürK unststoffe aus Elektro-und Elektronik-Altgeräten (WEEE) [32,33] sowie fürV erpackungsmaterialieng etestet und wird als Lizenz verkauft. Auflçse/Ausfäll-Verfahren kçnnen eine bestimmte Art Polymer aus Mischungen von mehreren Polymeren abtrennen.…”

Section: Lçsen/ausfällenunclassified

Die nächste Generation des Recyclings – neues Leben für Kunststoffmüll

et al. 2020

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Das Vergrößern des Recyclingstroms erfordert einen neuen Ansatz, der über das Schmelzen und Umformen hinausgeht. Es gibt einige Techniken des chemischen Recyclings mit dem Potential, bestehende Recyclingmöglichkeiten zu ergänzen. In diesem Aufsatz sind die Methoden des chemischen Recyclings dargestellt und anhand einer Ökobilanz bewertet, ergänzt durch eine Aufzählung von Prozessen und Firmen in diesem Bereich. Wir zeigen, dass bestimmte Techniken besonders für spezifische Müllströme geeignet sind und dass nur eine Kombination aus den vorhandenen Methoden geeignet ist, das Kunststoffmüllproblem zu lösen. Aktuelle Forschung sollte realistischeren und weniger reinen Mischströmen größere Aufmerksamkeit widmen, während Trenn‐ und Sortierprozesse z. B. durch effektivere Regularien verbessert werden müssen. Dieser Aufsatz soll zur Entwicklung von Verfahren inspirieren, mit denen hochwertige Produkte hergestellt werden können, die die Kreislaufwirtschaft antreiben, indem sie nötige Wirtschaftsanreize und Erleichterungen für die Umwelt bieten.

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“…The separation of plastics with close densities, for example PVC and PET can be separated adjusting the density of the water using separation liquids (salts in the water) (JRC 2013). However, pure homogeneous target fractions cannot be achieved for polymer mixtures with overlapping density ranges (Schlummer, 2014). In terms of throughput and/or purity, centrifugal systems are more effective than static ones.…”

Section: Density Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bromine-containing plastics are subject to incineration. When the separation of bromine-containing plastics occur abroad the fate might be more unclear (Schlummer 2014). …”

Section: Practical Examplementioning

confidence: 99%