Comparison and Optimization of Several Pretreatment Techniques for Determination of Decabrominated Diphenyl Ether in Polymer Samples by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A sensitive quantification of decabrominated diphenyl ether (deca-BDE) was achieved by optimizing the injection temperature, pressure and column system with gas chromatography mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. A simple one-step cleanup method with acid silica gel column chromatography showed the optimum efficiency and minimum matrix interference. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction with toluene provided the best performance (111%, 1 h) as compared to Soxhlet extraction (110%, 5 h) and microwave-assisted extraction (63%, 15 min) taking consideration of extraction efficiency and consumed time. The proposed method could meet the requirement for determination of deca-BDE in polymers and has the potential to monitor the content of deca-BDE in electrical and electronic equipment for routine analysis.

Evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants from various materials in professional seating furnishing wastes from French flows

“…But here, increasing the temperature of the MS source from 230 to 300°C resulted in doubling of the peak area for BDE-209. The LOD for BDE-209 (Table S2) was consistent with the LOD that was reported by Li et al (2009), who also used GC-MS in EI mode.…”

“…A variety of extraction techniques can be employed but they are not sufficiently selective and the extracts contain many interfering compounds (Vilaplana et al, 2008;Binici et al, 2013). Subsequently, a wide variety of adsorbents can be utilized to purify the extracts before injection into chromatographic systems (Li et al, 2009). Therefore, analytical methodologies must be adapted according to the materials to be analysed, as no standardized methodology is available for PBDEs (Mingwu et al, 2016).…”

Recent developments in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in plastic

“…Usually methanol, isooctane, and n-hexane are used to precipitate the dissolved polymers. Alternatively, gel permeation chromatography provides another approach for the separation of brominated flame retardants and polymer matrix (Schlummer et al 2005, Li et al 2009). …”

Simultaneous extraction and determination of free and conjugated phytosterols in tobacco

“…MAE is an efficient, cheap, and fast extraction method for solid samples. The matrix effect was decreased in MAE since molecules can be released from the solid matrix into extraction solvent . The MAE has been used for extraction of cottonseed oil, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, polyphenols, caffeine, and ginsenosides from plants .…”