Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum by means of LC/MS

Quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine and varenicline in human plasma by a sensitive and specific UPLC–tandem mass-spectrometry procedure for a clinical study on smoking cessation

“…Several analytical methods for the quantification of nicotine and/or its metabolites in different biological samples were described, including plasma [8][9][10][11], serum [12][13][14], urine [15][16][17][18], breast milk [19,20] and oral fluid/saliva [12,21]. The majority of methods used liquid chromatography (LC) systems coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometric (MS) detection [10,14] or triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) [8,9,15,16,19]. Sample preparation was mostly performed by solid phase extraction (SPE) [8][9][10]12,15,16] or by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [13,19].…”

Prostate Cancer

“…515 Furthermore tumor clonogen repopulation 516 and tumor hypoxia 517 may further confound the calculation of accurate alpha-to-beta ratios. 520 Prospective randomized trials evaluating hypofractionation for early stage prostate cancer are summarized in Table 53-6. Although older, pre-PSA-era series did not show a time factor, an analysis of clinical outcomes from several analyses suggest that a longer overall treatment time was associated with a worse biochemical failure for patients with low-risk prostate cancer.…”

Novel methodologies in analysis of small molecule biomarkers and living cells

“…Pretreatment processing is also needed for LC/MS analysis. The pretreatment methods include ultrafiltration, extraction, solid phase extraction [36,37], and column switch [38].…”