Prostate Cancer

Michalski, Jeff M.; Pisansky, Thomas M.; Lawton, C.A.; Potters, Louis

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24098-7.00053-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 995 publications

(1,079 reference statements)

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“…Prostate cancer is most commonly diagnosed using grayscale transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. 69,70 While grayscale ultrasound accurately identifies the prostate gland, low signal-to-noise ratio and artifacts (e.g. speckle and shadowing) prevent clinicians from reliably differentiating cancerous from non-cancerous regions.…”

Section: Cancer Detection On Prostate Ultrasound Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of artificial intelligence in prostate cancer detection on imaging

Bhattacharya

Khandwala

Vesal

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Advances in Urology

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A multitude of studies have explored the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in providing diagnostic support to radiologists, pathologists, and urologists in prostate cancer detection, risk-stratification, and management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of relevant literature regarding the use of AI models in (1) detecting prostate cancer on radiology images (magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging), (2) detecting prostate cancer on histopathology images of prostate biopsy tissue, and (3) assisting in supporting tasks for prostate cancer detection (prostate gland segmentation, MRI-histopathology registration, MRI-ultrasound registration). We discuss both the potential of these AI models to assist in the clinical workflow of prostate cancer diagnosis, as well as the current limitations including variability in training data sets, algorithms, and evaluation criteria. We also discuss ongoing challenges and what is needed to bridge the gap between academic research on AI for prostate cancer and commercial solutions that improve routine clinical care.

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Section: Cancer Detection On Prostate Ultrasound Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of artificial intelligence in prostate cancer detection on imaging

Bhattacharya

Khandwala

Vesal

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Advances in Urology

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“…RT is an effective local therapy which is used as a curative treatment of localized intermediate or high risk PCa [11]. However, up to 30% of PCa patients show signs of treatment failure within 5 years [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-Generation Antiandrogen Therapy Radiosensitizes Prostate Cancer Regardless of Castration State through Inhibition of DNA Double Strand Break Repair

El-Sesy

Oh‐Hohenhorst

Löser

et al. 2020

Cancers

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(1) Background: The combination of the first-generation antiandrogens and radiotherapy (RT) has been studied extensively in the clinical setting of prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we evaluated the potential radiosensitizing effect of the second-generation antiandrogens abiraterone acetate, apalutamide and enzalutamide. (2) Methods: Cell proliferation and agarose-colony forming assay were used to measure the effect on survival. Double strand break repair efficiency was monitored using immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX/53BP1. (3) Results: We report retrospectively a minor benefit for PCa patients received first-generation androgen blockers and RT compared to patients treated with RT alone. Combining either of the second-generation antiandrogens and 2Gy suppressed cell growth and increased doubling time significantly more than 2Gy alone, in both hormone-responsive LNCaP and castration-resistant C4-2B cells. These findings were recapitulated in resistant sub-clones to (i) hormone ablation (LNCaP-abl), (ii) abiraterone acetate (LNCaP-abi), (iii) apalutamide (LNCaP-ARN509), (iv) enzalutamide (C4-2B-ENZA), and in castration-resistant 22-RV1 cells. This radiosensitization effect was not observable using the first-generation antiandrogen bicalutamide. Inhibition of DNA DSB repair was found to contribute to the radiosensitization effect of second-generation antiandrogens, as demonstrated by a significant increase in residual γH2AX and 53BP1 foci numbers at 24h post-IR. DSB repair inhibition was further demonstrated in 22 patient-derived tumor slice cultures treated with abiraterone acetate before ex-vivo irradiation with 2Gy. (4) Conclusion: Together, these data show that second-generation antiandrogens can enhance radiosensitivity in PCa through DSB repair inhibition, regardless of their hormonal status. Translated into clinical practice, our results may help to find additional strategies to improve the effectiveness of RT in localized PCa, paving the way for a clinical trial.

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“…Because tumors may display variable histology, two patterns are recorded for each case: a primary pattern (Gleason 1-5) and a secondary pattern (Gleason 1-5). The Gleason score is the sum of the primary and secondary patterns and ranges from 2 to 10 [10] Open Access…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of PSA levels in Libyan Prostate Cancer Patients

Alqawi¹,

Elshahmi²,

Emaetig³

et al. 2022

CORR

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Background: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men with higher prevalence in the developed countries. The use of biomarkers for prostate cancer can improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer and clinical management of the patients. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used to screen for prostate cancer and there is evidence that PSA testing reduces prostate cancer mortality. Objective: In this report we have studied the relationship between the Gleason score, age and PSA levels of prostate adenocarcinoma tissues from Libyan patients to evaluate the levels of PSA in prostate cancer patients. Materials and methods: The data was collected from medical files of 40 patients who underwent curative surgical prostatectomy or prostate true cut biopsy at National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Misurata, Libya during 2016 to 2018. The clinical and histopathological information included age, PSA levels, and Gleason score grade. Results: Our data showed that PSA level was statistically significant correlation with Gleason score grade (p- value = 0.007, <0.05). The increased serum PSA level was associated with the progression of prostate cancer. However, we found no statistically significant correlation between PSA and the age of patients (p- value = 0.435). Conclusion: Our data confirmed the association of high levels of PSA and the progress of prostate cancer.

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Prostate Cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 995 publications

A review of artificial intelligence in prostate cancer detection on imaging

A review of artificial intelligence in prostate cancer detection on imaging

Second-Generation Antiandrogen Therapy Radiosensitizes Prostate Cancer Regardless of Castration State through Inhibition of DNA Double Strand Break Repair

The Evaluation of PSA levels in Libyan Prostate Cancer Patients

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