Determination of micro and macro elements in iron supplements used for treatment of anemia and evaluation employing chemometric analysis tools

Abstract

This paper propose a method using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn in iron supplement used for the treatment of anemia and evaluation of the results by chemometric analysis tools, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Sample preparation was performed by acid digestion using 3.0 mL of HNO 3 and 1.0 mL of H 2 O 2 (30% v/v). Limits of quantification (mg L À1 ) were 0.52 for Ca, 0.14 for K, 0.03 for Mg, 0.07 for Mn, 0.40 for Na, 0.36 for P and 0.24 for Zn, showing that the method is sensitive for the determination of elements. There is no certified reference material of ferrous supplement for evaluation of the accuracy.Thus, addition/recovery tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the method. The recovery values achieved varied from 89.75 to 114.97%, confirming the applicability of this method for quantification of the mentioned elements in these iron supplements. The method proposed was applied for determination of Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn in seventeen iron supplement samples with different chemical composition. All results were evaluated by multivariate analysis tools, which have the ability to characterize the samples by chemical composition and the analyte content. Some samples showed higher values for some metals, indicating the importance of specific legislation also for these metals.

Spectral normalisation by error minimisation for prediction of conversion in solvent-free catalytic chain transfer polymerisations

“…15,16 These multivariate techniques, and others, have been put to use industrially for purposes ranging from predicting research octane number of petrol and amino acid content soybeans, to estimating reaction conversion in complex reactions. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Normalisation of spectral data is an essential process to ensure peak intensities and areas and comparable through multiple spectra. Instrument gain and sensitivity can vary during the reaction, which results in changes in spectral intensity independent of reaction progress.…”

Hypothesis Tests and Exploratory Analysis Using R Commander and Factoshiny

“…Spreadsheet Q3 contains the Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn concentrations of 51 iron supplements used to treat anemia. 100 The supplements were from four different classes (organic liquids, inorganic liquids, organic tablets, and inorganic tablets). Questions 3a and 3b assessed skills related to creating score and loading plots and interpreting these plots.…”

“…Barbosa et al . determined Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn concentrations in iron supplements used for the treatment of anemia using ICP-OES.…”

“…Q3. Barbosa et al 100 determined Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn concentrations in iron supplements used for the treatment of anemia using ICP-OES. The data was provided in spreadsheet Q3 (Supporting Information).…”