Determination of Metals in Soils

3. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Lead in the Environment

“…This is particularly important when ambient environmental background levels are to be determined. Sampling from boats may need to be carried out from the bow and against the direction of the wind [9]. Containers made from high density polyethylene are generally used for storage, never glass.…”

“…Containers made from high density polyethylene are generally used for storage, never glass. These have to be subjected to an acid-based precleaning procedure [9]. High purity acids and other reagents have to be employed.…”

An electromembrane microextraction-based green method for the determination of trace copper in natural waters

“…Environmental contamination by metals continues to be one of the topics of greatest interest in environmental studies, due to their high toxicity even at very low concentrations, 1 as well as the complexity of their analytical quantification, especially in waters with a complex matrix such as seawater. 2 For this reason, many analytical scientists put their efforts into the development of new methods allowing simple and fast determination of metals in all kinds of water, while minimizing sample handling and reducing the generation of waste during the analytical process.…”

Patterns of cadmium uptake and accumulation by exclusion and inclusion soybean cultivars

“…Pollution of agricultural soils with heavy metals has become increasingly serious throughout the world as a result of industrial activities, over‐fertilization, and improper disposal of wastes. Cadmium is considered to be a highly toxic heavy metal for humans and other living organisms (Järup, Elinder, Nordberg, & Vahter, 1998; Crompton, 2015; Järup, 2003; Sarwar et al., 2010) as it has no certain biological functions in aquatic or terrestrial organisms (Chenet al., 2007). In addition to natural presentation in the soil, the application of phosphate fertilizers, waste water, Cd contaminated sewage sludge, and manures have led to Cd increase in agricultural soils (Alloway & Steinnes, 1999; Nicholson, Jones, & Johnston, 1994; Sataruget al., 2003).…”