“…Currently, environmental pollution involving toxic metal ions, especially Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , and As 3+ , has become an increasingly serious issue, and it poses a severe threat to ecosystems and human health. , Thus, a method for the comprehensive evaluation of multiple toxic metal ions in a polluted environment is urgently needed. To date, different methods, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), , atomic emission spectrometry (AES), , atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), , fluorescence spectroscopy, , and chromatography, , have been widely used for the detection of metal ions. However, these methods are associated with complex operation and sample preparation methods, which can only be performed under laboratory conditions.…”