Determination of heavy metals in environmental reference materials using solid sampling graphite furnace AAS

Schlemmer, Gerhard; Welz, Bernhard

doi:10.1007/bf02427309

Cited by 33 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The analyses described were performed in graphite tubes designed for the analysis of liquid samples and not in cupin-tube devices that are commonly used for solid sampling (25)(26)(27). The pyrolytically coated tubes proved to be suitable for the analysis by solid sampling and to prevent sample loss during its introduction and analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Langmuhr et al (17) showed a solid sampling technique to be applicable for the study of geological materials. Since then, the method has been successfully applied to biological materials (18,19), alloys (20), marine samples (21), soils (22)(23)(24), and various geological materials (25)(26)(27). The obvious advantages of this methodsa small amount needed for determination, minimal risk of contamination, and simplicity of sample preparationsmake it a method of choice for the study of groundwater colloids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Cu and Cd Content of Groundwater Colloids by Solid Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Freedman

Rönen

Long

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Cu and Cd content of standard reference materials (SRMs), minerals (quartz, calcite, kaolinite, and bentonite), and samples of aquifer colloids, obtained under natural gradient flow conditions, were analyzed by solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Pyrolytically coated tubes, designed for the analysis of liquid samples, were successfully used. Recovery of analytes by solid sampling was 106-112% of the certified values of SRMs. Cu concentration in clay minerals, obtained by solid sampling, was about 9-fold (in kaolinite) and 3-fold (in bentonite) higher than that obtained by nitric acid extraction, indicating that Cu is partially incorporated into the crystal lattice of the minerals. Analysis of aquifer colloids shows that within a 6-month period the average content of Cu and Cd decreased by about 87%. Solid sampling GFAAS was demonstrated to be a convenient method for the study of metal content in small (5 mg) samples of groundwater colloids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cu and Cd Content of Groundwater Colloids by Solid Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Freedman

Rönen

Long

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Same authors [16,17] claim that aqueous standards are perfectly satisfactory at least for elements of high and medium volatility in matrices of low volatility, whereas most favour solid reference materials although large uncertainty might be introduced because of the poor homogeneity of these materials in sub-mg range. An artificial biological solid reference material of reasonably good homogeneity was prepared by Akatsuka and Atsuya and employed in the determination of Co in vitamin B 12 [18,19].…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Estimation of the homogeneity of reference materials by SS-ETAAS and use of the "tape-sandwich" sample-introduction technique

Štupar

Dolinšek

Koren

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The so called "tape sandwich", a novel sample-introduction technique developed for SS-ETAAS, has been employed in a study of the microheterogeneity of some biological CRM. Pb, Cd, and Cr were measured by use of a laboratory-assembled instrument with graphite-cup atomizer. Aqueous standards were found satisfactory for calibration. The average mass of sub-samples atomised was in the range 0.250-0.660 mg+/-30%. The relative sampling error found for the CRM investigated varied from 15-34%. Calculated relative homogeneity constants of the order of 4-21 mg(1/2) were obtained, and were reduced considerably by reduction of the particle size. The minimum sample sizes representative of the CRM were, with one exception, much lower (11-75 mg) than those recommended in the documentation accompanying the standards (100-200 mg). In a Chinese hair reference sample Cr data were normally distributed but the presence of nuggets was observed for Cd and Pb; this was associated with severe radial and longitudinal gradients of these elements in hair.

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“…graphite furnace is used. These fairly recent references typically report data based on calibration against aqueous standards (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Table I highlights the suitability of this approach for the successful determination of many elements in a wide variety of sample matrices.…”

Section: Potential Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solids Analysis by Gfaas

Miller-Ihli¹

1992

Anal. Chem.

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Determination of heavy metals in environmental reference materials using solid sampling graphite furnace AAS

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Determination of Cu and Cd Content of Groundwater Colloids by Solid Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Determination of Cu and Cd Content of Groundwater Colloids by Solid Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Estimation of the homogeneity of reference materials by SS-ETAAS and use of the "tape-sandwich" sample-introduction technique

Solids Analysis by Gfaas

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