“…14 Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop monitoring systems that can perform highly sensitive, selective, cost-competitive, user-friendly, and reliable detection of copper ions in environmental waters. Current benchmark techniques used to detect copper in aqueous solutions include inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy (ICP-OES/MS), 15 atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), 16 anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), 17 UV–visible 18 and fluorescence spectroscopies. 19 Though these methods offer good detection limits and broad linear working ranges, they require significant capital and maintenance investments, laborious sample preparation processes, and highly trained personnel and cannot be miniaturized into portable sensing systems for in situ analysis applications.…”