Abstract:A novel biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of copper (Cu(2+)) was established based on the assembly of magnetic nanoparticles induced by the Cu(2+)-dependent ligation DNAzyme. With a low limit of detection of 2.8 nM and high specificity, this method has the potential to serve as a general platform for the detection of heavy metal ions.
“…The detection limit (LOD) was 0.06 pM estimated at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The sensitivity was obviously comparable with those of ratiometric electrochemical biosensor (80.2 nM) , ligation DNAzyme-induced magnetic nanoparticle assembly (2.8 nM) (Yin et al, 2014), dual-DNAzyme unimolecular probebased colorimetric detection (1.0 μM) (Yin et al, 2009), molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (42.4 pM) , methyl-naphthyl substituted cyclam film-based impedimetric sensor (10 nM) (Mefteh et al, 2015), and TiO 2 sphere-based impedimetric sensor (4.29 pM) (Kang et al, 2015). Such a high sensitivity might be ascribed to the formed peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme concatamer and enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation.…”
“…The detection limit (LOD) was 0.06 pM estimated at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The sensitivity was obviously comparable with those of ratiometric electrochemical biosensor (80.2 nM) , ligation DNAzyme-induced magnetic nanoparticle assembly (2.8 nM) (Yin et al, 2014), dual-DNAzyme unimolecular probebased colorimetric detection (1.0 μM) (Yin et al, 2009), molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (42.4 pM) , methyl-naphthyl substituted cyclam film-based impedimetric sensor (10 nM) (Mefteh et al, 2015), and TiO 2 sphere-based impedimetric sensor (4.29 pM) (Kang et al, 2015). Such a high sensitivity might be ascribed to the formed peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme concatamer and enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation.…”
“…As a result, biological reactions and the human body, including the kidneys, liver skin, bones and teeth, are affected by Cu(II) [3,4]. The allowable limit of Cu(II) ions in potable water is 2 mg/L (World Health Organization, WHO), but the maximum permissible level restricted by the United States of Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is only 1.3 mg/L [5][6][7]. Thus, it is essential to develop effective technologies to detect Cu(II) from waste water before discharging it into the environment to safely protect the community health [8].…”
Currently, it is an ongoing challenge to develop fluorescent nanosphere detectors that are uniform, non-toxic, stable and bearing a large number of functional groups on the surface for further applications in a variety of fields. Here, we have synthesized hairy nanospheres (HNs) with different particle sizes and a content range of carboxyl groups from 4 mmol/g to 9 mmol/g. Based on this, hairy fluorescent nanospheres (HFNs) were prepared by the traditional coupling method (TCM) or adsorption-induced coupling method (ACM). By comparison, it was found that high brightness HFNs are fabricated based on HNs with poly (acrylic acid) brushes on the surface via ACM. The fluorescence intensity of hairy fluorescent nanospheres could be controlled by tuning the content of 5-aminofluorescein (5-AF) or the carboxyl groups of HNs easily. The carboxyl content of the HFNs could be as high as 8 mmol/g for further applications. The obtained HFNs are used for the detection of heavy metal ions in environmental pollution. Among various other metal ions, the response to Cu (II) is more obvious. We demonstrated that HFNs can serve as a selective probe and for the separation and determination of Cu(II) ions with a linear range of 0–0.5 μM and a low detection limit of 64 nM.
“…Therefore, numerous methods have been considered as tools for the sensitive detection and monitoring of Cu 2+ , in-vivo and in-vitro, such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP) [ 8 , 9 ], near-infrared up-conversion chemodosimeters, which directly detect Cu 2+ in vivo [ 10 ], electrochemical [ 11 ], fluorescence [ 12 , 13 ], and colorimetric [ 14 , 15 ]. Magnetic nanoparticle (NMP)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also been carried out for Cu 2+ detection [ 16 ]. There is a variety of optical platforms for heavy metal detection, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], optical interferometric sensors [ 20 , 21 ], and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based optical fiber [ 22 ].…”
We present a label-free optical fiber based sensor device to detect copper ions (Cu2+) in water. A multimode optical fiber, with its polymer cladding removed along a 1-cm length, is used for the optical sensor head, where the injected Cu2+ in the liquid phase acts as a liquid cladding for the optical mode. The various Cu2+ concentrations modulate the numerical aperture (NA) of the liquid cladding waveguide part. The degree of NA mismatch between the liquid cladding and solid cladding guided parts gives rise to an optical power transmittance change, forming the sensing principle. The presented liquid cladding fiber sensor exhibits a minimum resolvable refractive index of 2.48 × 10−6. For Cu2+ detection, we functionalize the sensor head surface (fiber core) using chitosan conjugated ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) which captures Cu2+ effectively due to the enhanced chelating effects. We obtain a limit of detection of Cu2+ of 1.62 nM (104 ppt), which is significantly lower than the tolerable level in drinking water (~30 µM), and achieve a dynamic range of 1 mM. The simple structure of the sensor head and the sensing system ensures the potential capability of being miniaturized. This may allow for in-situ, highly-sensitive, heavy metal sensors in a compact format.
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