Determination Of Formaldehyde And Acetaldehyde Associated To Atmospheric Aerosols By HPLC

Andrade, Jailson B. de; Pinheiro, Heloísa Lúcia C.; Andrade, Marta Valéria Almeida Santana de

doi:10.1080/03067319308042847

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Os processos heterogêneos de remoção dos compostos carbonílicos da atmosfera abrangem a deposição seca e a deposição úmida 1,3,44,45 , as quais são pouco estudados. A deposição seca compreende o processo de transporte de poluentes, na fase gasosa ou na forma de pequenas partículas, para o nível do solo, e posterior absorção e/ou adsorção em superfícies (solo, vegetação, lagos, oceanos e rios, entre outras) sem antes terem sido dissolvidos em gotas de água 46 .…”

Section: Processos Heterogêneosunclassified

Compostos carbonílicos atmosféricos: fontes, reatividade, níveis de concentração e efeitos toxicológicos

et al. 2002

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Section: Processos Heterogêneosunclassified

Compostos carbonílicos atmosféricos: fontes, reatividade, níveis de concentração e efeitos toxicológicos

et al. 2002

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“…The mobile phase was acetonitrile:water (57:43 v/v) at 1.0 mL/min. A more detailed account of the analytical procedures can be found elsewhere 16 . The detection limit of the HPLC method (S/N = 3 based on peak height) was 0.1 ppbV and 0.05 ppbV for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively, in 120 L of air sampled.…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and their relationship with the vehicular fleet composition in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Andrade¹,

Andrade²,

Pinheiro³

1998

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O presente trabalho enfoca os níveis de formaldeído e acetaldeído em fase gasosa e a sua correlação com a frota veicular, em vários locais em Salvador, BA, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas utilizando cartuchos Sep Pak C18 impregnados com uma solução ácida de 2,4-dinitrofenilidrazina (DNPH). As hidrazonas resultantes foram separadas e quantificadas através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. As amostras foram coletadas durante períodos de 1 -2 h em seis locais na cidade de Salvador, Bahia: em uma estação de ônibus, no interior de um túnel, no estacionamento fechado de um shopping center, no estacionamento fechado de um prédio comercial, em um bairro residencial e em um bairro comercial; e em dois outros locais distantes de Salvador: Cacha Pregos e Lagoa Verde. As concentrações medidas de formaldeído e acetaldeído, estiveram, respectivamente, na faixa de 0,20 -88 ppbV and 0,40 -93 ppbV. A relação das concentrações formaldeído/acetaldeído determinadas nesses locais foram: 0,66 (estacionamento do shopping center); 0,65 (estacionamento do prédio comercial); 4,4 (estação de ônibus); 1,2 (túnel); 1,0 (bairro residencial) 1,7 (bairro comercial), 1,1 (Cacha Pregos) e 0,8 (Lagoa Verde). No caso do túnel, este representa a frota total da cidade. Contagens de tráfego, realizadas durante o período de amostragem, revelaram que 82% dos veículos que passaram pelo local eram leves e 18% veículos pesados (diesel). Um cálculo simples utilizando a composição da frota no túnel e a relação formaldeído/acetaldeído na estação de ônibus (como a assinatura dos veículos a diesel) e nos estacionamentos fechados (como a assinatura dos veículos leves), revelou uma relação formaldeído/acetaldeído igual a 1,3 a qual é muito próxima do valor medido 1,2. De forma idêntica, os valores calculados para os bairros comercial e residencial foram, respectivamente 1,7 e 0,62. Isto nos permite concluir que os níveis atmosféricos de formaldeído e acetaldeído em Salvador apresentam uma correlação com a composição da frota veicular.The present work is concerned with the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde content in the gas-phase and their concentrations correlation, with the vehicular fleet, at several sites in Salvador, BA, Brazil. The samples were collected using C-18 Sep Pak cartridges coated with an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The resulting hydrazones were separated and quantified using HPLC. Samples were collected during 1 -2 h periods at six sites located in the city of Salvador, Bahia: a bus station, a tunnel, a commercial mall parking lot, a business building parking lot a residential district and a commercial district; and at two other sites far from Salvador: Cacha Pregos and Lagoa Verde. The measured concentrations for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde ranged, respectively, from 0.20 to 88 ppbV and from 0.40 to 93 ppbV. The formaldehyde/acetaldehyde concentration ratio determined in these sites were: 0.66 (commercial mall parking lot); 0.65 (business building parking lot); 4.4 (bus station); 1.2 (tunnel); 1.0 (residen...

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“…The most common derivatizing agent for aldehydes and ketones is 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). It has been used extensively for the determination of gas-phase carbonyl species [26][27][28][29][30], but only rarely for the measurement of aldehydes and ketones associated with aerosols [31][32][33].A method utilizing 2,4-DNPH to derivatize particulate-phase carbonyl species is presented here, including all aspects relevant for routine analysis. A description of the process whereby particulate samples collected on filter material are extracted, derivatized with a 2,4-DNPH solution, and analyzed by HPLC/UV absorption is presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized method for the determination of volatile and semi-volatile aldehydes and ketones in ambient particulate matter

Liggio

McLaren

2003

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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gas-particle partitioning theory, which is largely based on the vapor pressure of the species in question [10][11][12][13]. However, deviations from partitioning theory are now being reported for volatile and semi-volatile products of toluene [14] and -pinene [15] oxidation.In particular, aldehydes and ketones can contribute significantly to this deviation [14,15]. Recent work has also suggested that the additional partitioning of carbonyls to particulate material may occur via a chemical transformation of the parent carbonyl to low-volatility products in the aerosol [16]. Possible mechanisms for this include hydration, polymerization and acetal/hemiacetal formation, which can be catalyzed in the presence of acid [16]. Heterogeneous reactions of this type, with carbonyls, imply that SOA yields may be significantly larger than those predicted by current partitioning theory, which is especially relevant given that many organic photooxidation products contain carbonyl functionality. With this in mind, there are surprisingly few measurements of carbonyl-containing species in ambient particulate material, and even fewer methods available that are geared specifically to this functional group. Existing ambient measurements are usually limited to dicarbonyls such as glyoxal [17,18], methylglyoxal [17,18] and pinonaldehyde [19][20][21][22] or to aerosols produced during laboratory studies [14,15,[23][24][25]. Detection of carbonyls in particulate material typically utilizes methods that involve several derivatizing agents, resulting in the conversion of many of the functional groups present [17][18][19]23]. The simultaneous derivatization of carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups can significantly increase the complexity of the resultant chromatograms. Utilizing a more selective derivatizing agent can aid in targeting carbonyl-containing species only. The most common derivatizing agent for aldehydes and ketones is 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). It has been used extensively for the determination of gas-phase carbonyl species [26][27][28][29][30], but only rarely for the measurement of aldehydes and ketones associated with aerosols [31][32][33].A method utilizing 2,4-DNPH to derivatize particulate-phase carbonyl species is presented here, including all aspects relevant for routine analysis. A description of the process whereby particulate samples collected on filter material are extracted, derivatized with a 2,4-DNPH solution, and analyzed by HPLC/UV absorption is presented. The anticipated advantage of this simultaneous approach over conventional post-extraction derivatization methods is that the derivatization reaction likely facilitates the extraction of carbonyls from particulate material. Optimal conditions for this extraction/derivatization, the efficiency thereof, and the analytical uncertainties associated with several aspects of the method are also discussed. Significant advances have been made in the areas of pre-concentration, extraction, and reagent purification, which afford improved detecti...

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Determination Of Formaldehyde And Acetaldehyde Associated To Atmospheric Aerosols By HPLC

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Compostos carbonílicos atmosféricos: fontes, reatividade, níveis de concentração e efeitos toxicológicos

Compostos carbonílicos atmosféricos: fontes, reatividade, níveis de concentração e efeitos toxicológicos

Atmospheric levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and their relationship with the vehicular fleet composition in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

An optimized method for the determination of volatile and semi-volatile aldehydes and ketones in ambient particulate matter

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