Determination of fluoroacetic acid in water and biological samples by GC-FID and GC-MS in combination with solid-phase microextraction

Abstract

A novel procedure has been developed for determination of fluoroacetic acid (FAA) in water and biological samples. It involves ethylation of FAA with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid, solid-phase microextraction of the ethyl fluoroacetate formed, and subsequent analysis by GC-FID or by GC-MS in selected-ion-monitoring mode. The detection limits for FAA in water, blood plasma, and organ homogenates are 0.001 microg mL(-1), 0.01 microg mL(-1), and 0.01 microg g(-1), respectively. The determination error at concentrations close to the detection limit was less than 50%. For analysis of biological samples, the approach has the advantages of overcoming the matrix effect and protecting the GC and GC-MS systems from contamination. Application of the approach to determination of FAA in blood plasma and organ tissues of animals poisoned with sodium fluoroacetate reveals substantial differences between the dynamics of FAA accumulation and clearance in rabbits and rats.

Phenotype differentiation of three E. coli strains by GC-FID and GC–MS based metabolomics

“…Many types of samples and many endogenous or exogenous compounds had been analyzed by this strategy [18][19][20][21]. This could balance the quantitative and qualitative concerns in most circumstance.…”

Application of Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Derivatization for Polar Compound Sampling in Environmental Analysis

“…And in some cases, acid-actalyzed derivatization of acetic acids was carried out after evaporation of the water sample to dryness and the esters were extracted by HS SPME [17,[20][21][22][23][82][83][84].…”

Analysis of monofluoroacetic acid in urine by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and preparation of the positive sample by the bioconversion from monofluoroacetamide to monofluoroacetic acid in vitro

“…Besides, FAcOH was reported to be the metabolite and biomarker of monofluoroacetamide (FAcNH 2 , another rodenticide with high acute toxicity) in body [6]. The exposure for both rodenticides to humans or animals includes suicide, ingestion of contaminated food and criminal poisoning [6][7][8][9][10][11]. FAcOH and FAcNH 2 even can be a powerful tool for terrorist threat due to their colorlessness, tastelessness, easy accessibility and extremely toxicity.…”