Determination of Cu, Mn, Ni and Sn in gasoline by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and emulsion sample introduction

Analytical Methodology for the Determination of Trace Metals in Biodiesel

“…As can be seen in Figure 2, there is a significant difference between the analyzed standards. The sensitivities of the analytical curves for pure biodiesel (samples S 1 to S 7 ) are consistently lower for the aqueous standard, confirming the reports of some studies in the literature that the sensitivities of emulsified standards differ from those of aqueous standards (Cassella et al, 2004;Reyes  Campos, 2005;Saint´Pierre et al, 2002, 2003. It was also found that the analytical curves of the biodiesel samples did not exhibit the same sensitivity, although they were similar.…”

“…In addition to acting as a coating on the tube and/or as a modifier, these carbides can promote the decomposition of the matrix through catalytic effects, acting as catalysts and destroying the concomitants of the matrix prior to atomization of the analyte, thereby minimizing or eliminating possible interferences (Freschi et al, 2005). The results obtained for all the metals using the experimental design did not differ when working with either Pd + Mg or W. Therefore, we decided to work with W since, besides the advantages mentioned earlier, the heating programs are faster (and thus the determinations are faster), there is less contamination because purification is done in situ, there are few background-related problems, and the modifier's volatile impurities can be eliminated, thus improving the limits of detection (Saint´Pierre et al, 2002). Table 12 summarizes and compares the defined temperatures using the univariate and multivariate methods.…”

Trace Metal Analysis in Petroleum Products: Sample Introduction Evaluation in ICP-OES and Comparison with an ICP-MS Approach

“…Moreover, severe matrix interferences have already been observed during the analysis of organic solutions in ICP-OES due to plasma interactions (Botto, 1987). In order to minimize these problems, five solutions are globally described in the literature with organic injection using micro-nebulisation system (Dreyfus et al, 2005;Botto, 2002), desolvatation using ultrasonic nebulisation and membrane (Botto and Zhu, 1996;Duyck et al, 2002), digestion of the sample (Wondimu et al, 2000;Heilmann et al, 2004, Lopez andMonaco, 2004), microemulsion (Souza et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2003) for introduction of an aqueous phase in the plasma and finally electrothermal vaporization (Resano et al, 2001;Saint'Pierre et al, 2002). Micronebulization and ultrasonic nebulisation are sometimes used in combination with oxygen addition into the plasma, which is particularly recommended with ICP-MS detection.…”

Analyse de métaux traces dans les produits pétroliers, état de l'art

“…C'est la vaporisation électrothermique (ETV) où la matrice est détruite par une montée en température dans un four de type graphite avant envoi dans le plasma (Resano et al (2001), Escobar et al (1996), Saint'Pierre et al, (2002) Resano et al (2001). Les éléments étant injectés dans le flux d'argon uniquement pendant la période de vaporisation, qui dure environs 10 secondes, la mesure de ceux-ci dans le mode ETV doit s'effectuer en ICP-MS dans cet intervalle de temps court.…”