Analyse de métaux traces dans les produits pétroliers, état de l'art

Abstract

Résumé -Après une brève introduction sur la problématique des métaux traces dans l'industrie pétrolière, un retour sur les trois techniques majeures de dosages des métaux traces dans les produits pétroliers est présenté reprenant les travaux effectués dans les dix dernières années. Ainsi les différents types d'introduction, utilisés pour la spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec four électrothermique (GFAAS), la spectrométrie d'émission atomique par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-OES) et la spectrométrie de masse par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-MS), sont repris et comparés en terme de limite de détection atteinte. Les applications sont diverses et touchent la totalité des produits pétroliers, du biocarburant en passant par l'éthanol, aux plus classiques essences et gazoles, allant jusqu'aux produits plus lourds que sont les bitumes. Une revue sur les principaux couplages possibles permet d'entrevoir les différentes possibilités que ces techniques pourront offrir dans les années à venir en terme de spéciation des métaux dans les produits pétroliers. Abstract -Analysis of Trace Metals in Petroleum Products

Silicon speciation by hyphenated techniques for environmental, biological and industrial issues: A review

“…These methods can be applied with a decomposition step before silicon determination in order to use it in aqueous matrices or directly by injection of organic phases without initial sample digestion. This preparation step is mainly used for solid samples [83][84][85][86][87] and to limit carbon introduction in the plasma 69 allowing minimum mass interferences especially with ICP-MS.…”

“…5 presents a petroleum process constituted of feed thermal cracking (Coker and Steam cracker), separation and hydrogenation units. Due to the PDMS degradation, silicon compounds (Table 1) are found at trace levels 69,70 in feeds and occur as poison which induce severe catalytic deactivation by adsorption on the catalyst surface (Fig. 5).…”

“…97 The first technique used in metal trace analysis of petroleum products is GFAAS with detection limits usually reported in the range of 10 mg L À1 . 69 Amaro and Ferreira determined silicon determination in naphta (C 4 -C 15 ) by GFAAS after sample dilution in toluene. 81 An experimental design has been achieved to determine optimal conditions for Si determination to obtain detection limit of 15 mg L À1 .…”

Molecular Fingerprints and Speciation of Crude Oils and Heavy Fractions Revealed by Molecular and Elemental Mass Spectrometry: Keystone between Petroleomics, Metallopetroleomics, and Petrointeractomics

“…However, petroleum products are too viscous to be analyzed directly, so sample preparation methods are needed. The most important methods, discussed in detail in several reviews, 59,60 are listed below.…”

Quantification of nickel, vanadium and manganese in petroleum products and biofuels through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with a high temperature single pass spray chamber

“…1 Among them are metallic species. [2][3][4] Metal determination in this kind of samples is very important for several reasons: (i) it gives information about the age and the origin of oils; (ii) metals are a source of environmental pollution; (iii) metals can degrade the catalyst efficiency during the rening procedure since they act as poisoning agents; and (iv) some additives have a metallic nature.…”