Trace Metal Analysis in Petroleum Products: Sample Introduction Evaluation in ICP-OES and Comparison with an ICP-MS Approach

Evaluation of Analytical Procedures in the Determination of Trace Metals in Heavy Crude Oils by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

“…Standard addition was also recommended by Lienemann, et al, [34], who used ultrasonic nebulization for the direct introduction of crude oil samples to the ICP-OES after simple dilution to overcome the petroleum matrix problems.…”

Multivariate optimization of the determination of zinc in diesel oil employing a novel extraction strategy based on emulsion breaking

“…The microemulsions were prepared by mixing 0.25 mL of Triton X-100, 0.25 mL of a 20% v/v HNO 3 solution, 0.50 mL of biodiesel sample and 4.0 mL of n-propanol. Lienemann et al [13] studied different approaches for the direct introduction of the petroleum products into plasma-based instruments (ICP OES and ICP-MS). According to the authors, the use of different nebulizers can affect the performance of the method in terms of sensitivity and matrix effects.…”

“…Different strategies have been employed for the elemental analysis of liquid fuels, and these strategies involve either the digestion of the samples before analyte measurement [6][7][8][9] or the application of alternative injection approaches [10][11][12][13][14]. In diesel oil analysis, the most important research has focused on the digestion of the samples prior to instrumental analysis or on the preparation of the samples in the form of microemulsions, which is an approach especially useful when Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS) technique is utilized for quantification.…”

Oil extraction in the Amazon basin and exposure to metals in indigenous populations

“…Crude oil, produced waters and drilling muds can contain a number of potentially toxic agents, including heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury amongst others (E&P Forum/UNEP, 1997;Fakhru'l-Razi et al, 2009;Lienemann et al, 2007;Neff, 2002;Wilhelm, 1999). Poor environmental practices by the oil industry, such as the dumping of around 1 million barrels/day of produced water on soils and rivers in the study area, and recurrent oil spills have contaminated the Corrientes, Pastaza, and Tigre river basins, all tributary rivers of the Marañon river ( Figure 1) and exposed the indigenous population to metals among other contaminants (Orta-Martínez et al, 2018;Orta Martínez et al, 2007).…”