Evaluation of Analytical Procedures in the Determination of Trace Metals in Heavy Crude Oils by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Barbooti, Mahmood M.

doi:10.4236/ajac.2015.64031

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These assumptions result in an average V concentration of 28.9 mg/kg in crude oil and a global flux of V from petroleum production of 138 × 10 9 g/y, assuming 2015 world crude oil production of 34 billion barrels (34,63). This calculated average V concentration in crude oil does not seem to reflect the increasing worldwide emphasis on heavier grades of crude oil, and the empirical correlation between API gravity and V concentration is based on a limited number of samples (62). Furthermore, V has been shown to be difficult to accurately measure in crude oils (62).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 88%

“…This calculated average V concentration in crude oil does not seem to reflect the increasing worldwide emphasis on heavier grades of crude oil, and the empirical correlation between API gravity and V concentration is based on a limited number of samples (62). Furthermore, V has been shown to be difficult to accurately measure in crude oils (62).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 88%

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Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Schlesinger

Klein

Vengosh

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

126

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Synthesizing published data, we provide a quantitative summary of the global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium (V), including both human-derived and natural fluxes. Through mining of V ores (130 × 10 9 g V/y) and extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (600 × 10 9 g V/y), humans are the predominant force in the geochemical cycle of V at Earth's surface. Human emissions of V to the atmosphere are now likely to exceed background emissions by as much as a factor of 1.7, and, presumably, we have altered the deposition of V from the atmosphere by a similar amount. Excessive V in air and water has potential, but poorly documented, consequences for human health. Much of the atmospheric flux probably derives from emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, but the magnitude of this flux depends on the type of fuel, with relatively low emissions from coal and higher contributions from heavy crude oils, tar sands bitumen, and petroleum coke. Increasing interest in petroleum derived from unconventional deposits is likely to lead to greater emissions of V to the atmosphere in the near future. Our analysis further suggests that the flux of V in rivers has been incremented by about 15% from human activities. Overall, the budget of dissolved V in the oceans is remarkably well balanced-with about 40 × 10 9 g V/y to 50 × 10 9 g V/y inputs and outputs, and a mean residence time for dissolved V in seawater of about 130,000 y with respect to inputs from rivers.vanadium | petroleum | geochemical cycle | aerosols | rock weathering V anadium (V) occurs in a wide range of earth materials and is a relatively abundant trace metal, with an average concentration in the upper continental crust (97 mg/kg) more than double those of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) (1). In modern society, the majority of V is used to improve the strength and corrosion resistance of steel; it is also of increasing strategic and technological interest as a specialty metal in electronics and batteries. V is an essential trace element in prokaryotic biochemistry, where it is found as an alternative to molybdenum in the molecular structure of nitrogenase, the enzyme of N fixation (2-4). It also appears in the structure of enzymes in the marine algae responsible for the formation of bromoform (5) and methyl bromide (6), which contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Whether V is an essential trace element in higher plants and animals is unknown (7), with some evidence favoring an essential role in at least some higher organisms (e.g., refs. 8 and 9). Higher plants accumulate about 1 mg/kg in their tissues (10).The mean concentration of V in the continental crust is about 97 mg/kg (1, 11), and ∼20 × 10 9 g V/y enters biogeochemical cycles at Earth's surface through chemical weathering (12). V, which can exist in three common oxidation states, is largely found as the vanadate ion (H 2 VO 4 − ) in natural oxidized waters of near-neutral pH. The dissolved concentration in river water is about 0.7 μg/L, less than half of the concentration of ∼1.8 μg/L in seawa...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 88%

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Schlesinger

Klein

Vengosh

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

126

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“…Iraqi crude oils contain different amounts of heavy metals such as Vanadium, and Nickel (see Table1). These metals poison the catalysts used in many processes in petroleum refinery leading to environmental threats and low specification of products [1]. In petroleum refinery various methods are used to remove heavy metals from oil fractions but some of these methods required high temperature and pressure such as hydrotreating and hydrocracking which makes these processes considered costly [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard addition method (SA) was used to estimate vanadium in the samples of crude oil. The procedure of analysis is cited in[1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Removal of Vanadium from Iraqi Crude Oil by Prepared Nanozeolites

Tamer¹,

Mohammed²,

Mahmood³

et al. 2019

ETJ

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The present study has been conducted to investigate the removal of vanadium from Iraqi crude oil by prepared zeolite nanoparticles. Ball milling was used as a top down approach to synthesize zeolite nanoparticles. Different variables such as adsorbent load ing, Vanadium loading, and operating time were investigated for their influence on Vanadium removal. Experimental results of adsorption test show that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms predict well with the experimental data. Kinetic analysis of the studied system gives the following linear equations, For Langmuir isotherm:

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“…Asimismo, López y Lo Mónaco (2017) reportaron valores de Ni y V en crudos de Venezuela de hasta 156 y 1417 mg/kg, respectivamente, y en rocas de 135 y 1932 mg/kg, respectivamente. En la región iraquí, Barbooti (2015) registró valores de Ni y V en crudos de 45 y 256 µg/mL, respectivamente, a pesar de que la abundancia de otros elementos traza en crudos es generalmente menor de 100 mg/kg (Filby 1994).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Enriquecimiento Natural De Níquel Y Vanadio en Núcleos De Sedimento Cercanos a Sitios De Extracción De Crudo en El Golfo De México

Bojórquez-Sánchez¹,

Marmolejo-Rodríguez²,

Ruiz-Fernández

et al. 2018

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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Palabras clave: contaminación, metales pesados, petróleo, Veracruz RESUMEN La zona costera de Veracruz se encuentra adyacente al área de extracción de crudo del Golfo de México. Elementos como el Ni y el V pueden utilizarse como indicadores de actividades de extracción de crudo. Con la finalidad de evaluar el aporte de elementos relacionados con las actividades petroleras, se analizaron los contenidos de Ni y V en dos núcleos (LL1, LL2) de sedimento de la laguna El Llano, Veracruz. Como análisis complementarios para evaluar las tendencias verticales de los elementos en el sedimento, se analizaron los mayoritarios Al, Ca, Fe, y traza Co, Li, Mn, Sr y Zn mediante espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS, por sus siglas en inglés). Además se determinó el tamaño de grano (mediante difracción láser) y el carbono orgánico (con analizador elemental). Los resultados mostraron sedimentos predominantemente arenosos en ambos núcleos y valores de carbono orgánico relativamente bajos (< 3 %). El promedio de las concentraciones de Ni y V fue superior a los promedios de la corteza continental. Los factores de enriquecimiento normalizados alcanzaron niveles moderadamente enriquecidos para Ni (FEN = 4) y significativamente enriquecidos para V (FEN = 6) en ambos núcleos. La proporción Ni/V en ambos núcleos indicó enriquecimiento de V respecto de Ni y diferente origen de ambos elementos. Se determinó una asociación de Ni con elementos terrígenos: Al, Fe, Co, Li, y Zn. Por el contrario, el V no se asoció con estos elementos. Los perfiles de V han tenido incrementos cíclicos desde las secciones más profundas hacia la superficie en ambos núcleos. Dichos incrementos pueden deberse a descargas esporádicas de afloramientos bituminosos naturales. ABSTRACTThe coastal area of Veracruz state is located next to the oil extraction area of the Gulf of Mexico. Elements as Ni and V can be indicators of activities of oil extraction. In order to evaluate the contribution of Ni and V related to petroleum activities two sediment cores (LL1, LL2), from the El Llano lagoon in Veracruz. Moreover, major (Al, Ca, Fe) and trace elements (Co, Li, Mn, Sr, and Zn) content was also analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Complementary, grain size (with laser diffraction) and organic carbon (with elemental analyzer) were analyzed. The grain size results showed predominantly sandy sediments in both cores and relatively low (< 3 %) organic carbon results. Average concentrations of Ni and V were higher than the continental crust average. Normalized enrichment factors reached moderately enriched levels for Ni (NEF = 4) and significantly enrichment for V (NEF = 6) in both cores. The Ni/V ratio indicated enrichment of V and different origin of both elements. Nickel was associated with Al, Fe, Co, Li, and Zn. On the contrary, V was not associated with those elements; it had cyclic increments since the deep sections to the surface probably associated to sporadic releases of natural bituminous oil seeps.

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Evaluation of Analytical Procedures in the Determination of Trace Metals in Heavy Crude Oils by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Study on Removal of Vanadium from Iraqi Crude Oil by Prepared Nanozeolites

Enriquecimiento Natural De Níquel Y Vanadio en Núcleos De Sedimento Cercanos a Sitios De Extracción De Crudo en El Golfo De México

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