“…Recent studies indicate that the exposure of continental land above sea level is very limited until the middle of the Archean with lower elevation than that of the present-day plateaus (Bada & Korenaga, 2018;Flament, Coltice, & Rey, 2013;Korenaga, Planavsky, & Evans, 2017), thus possibly constraining the input of continental weathering of vanadium to the shallow ocean. Additionally, pervasive hydrothermal flux of Fe (Kump & Seyfried, 2005) and massive precipitation of iron (hydr)oxides as banded iron formations (BIFs; Klein, 2005) further limited the availability of vanadium in early seawater as surface adsorption or coprecipitation of vanadium along with iron (hydr)oxides and clay minerals are major sinks of the modern vanadium cycle (Breit & Wanty, 1991;Huang et al, 2015;Schlesinger, Klein, & Vengosh, 2017), and presumably in the Archean. Therefore, before the prominent occurrence and elevation of continental lands in the mid-Archean, limited weathering supply and large adsorption/coprecipitation sinks would have resulted in low concentrations of vanadium in the oceans, as evidenced by low V concentrations in early Archean BIFs (Aoki, Kabashima, Kato, Hirata, & Komiya, 2018).…”