Determination of Chemical Composition of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua): Protein, Fat, Carbohydrates, and Tannins

Avallone, Rossella; Plessi, Maria; Baraldi, Mario; Monzani, Agar

doi:10.1006/jfca.1997.0528

Cited by 196 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The carob seed contains approximately 40.8 mg g -1 total phenol, 16.2 mg g -1 condensed tannins, and 2.98 mg g -1 hydrolyzed tannins (Avallone et al, 1997). The sugar content in the carob fruit varies between 48 and 72% and the fruit is an important source of phenols, which have significant antioxidant powers (Makris and Kefalas, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) pod byproduct on quail performance, egg characteristics, fatty acids, and cholesterol levels

Çalışlar

Kaplan

2017

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-This study was carried out to determine the effects of a carob (Ceratonia siliqua) byproduct (CB) supplement in diets for laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on performance and egg internal-external quality traits, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol content. A total of 225 female quail at 12 weeks of age were distributed into five treatment groups with three replications (15 birds in each replication). The following treatments were tested: 0% (control, no CB supplementation); 3% CB; 5% CB; 10% CB; and 15% CB in the diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum to quail. The lighting program was 16 h light and 8 h dark. The experiment lasted 60 days. Treatments had no significant effects on final weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, and mortality. The external egg quality characteristics, shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, albumen index, yolk index, yolk weight, yolk fat, yolk color, yolk cholesterol, stearic acid, oleic acid, and heptadecanoic acid concentrations were not significantly influenced by CB supplementation to quail diets. Haugh unit, egg yolk total saturated fatty acids, total mono or polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, gamma linolenic acid, palmitic, and palmitoleic acid contents were significantly influenced by the treatments. Carob byproduct can be used up to 15% in laying quail diets without any negative effects on performance, mortality, or internal egg quality traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) pod byproduct on quail performance, egg characteristics, fatty acids, and cholesterol levels

Çalışlar

Kaplan

2017

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Carob extract exhibited antioxidant effect and minimized the electrophoretic alterations in CAT and GPx patterns. This may be attributed due to presence of total polyphenols, total flavonols (Kumazawa et al, 2002), proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins (Avallone et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paraffin bees wax tissue blocks were prepared for sectioning at 4 microns thickness by sledge microtome. The tissue sections were collected on glass slides and deparaffinized then stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain for examination through the light electric microscope (Banchroft et al, 1996). The histopathological changes were scored according to Dommels et al (2007).…”

Section: Histopathological Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genomic DNA was extracted from spleen tissues using method mentioned by Barker et al (2004). The polymerase chain reaction was carried out according to method described by Rapley (1998) for amplification of the genomic DNA with 8 random primers of different nucleotide sequences (OPA-04 (5'-AATCGGGCTG-3'), OPA-05 (5'-AGGGGTCTTG-3'), OPA-07 (5'-GAAACGGGTG-3'), OPA-10 (5'-GTGATCGCAG-3'), OPA-11 (5'-CAATCGCCGT-3'), OPA-12 (5'-TCGGCGATAG-3'), OPA-14 (5'-TCTGTGCTGG-3') and OPA-15 (5'-TTCCGAACCC-3')).…”

Section: Genomic Dna Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was emphasized that the CYP administration exhibited toxicity, in a dose-dependent manner, in blood cells and bone marrow of rats (Ayhanci et al, 2009). It was reported that CYP exhibits large immunotoxic effects on the blood lymphocytes which may be more sensitive indicator of immunotoxic effects than spleen lymphocytes (Nygaard and Løvik, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ameliorative Effect of Carob Pods Extract (Ceratonia siliqua L.) against Cyclophosphamide Induced Alterations in Bone Marrow and Spleen of Rats

2017

J App Pharm Sci

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Cyclophosphamide (CYP) belongs to the anticancer drugs that exhibit potentially life-threatening effects on the immune and hematopoietic systems. The study aimed to assess efficiency of carob pods extract against the adverse CYP effect on spleen and lymphatic tissues which are the most sensitive components of immune system. In the present study, the hematological indices and markers of oxidative stress were assessed. In addition, the native protein, lipoprotein patterns, calcium moiety of native protein, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (GPx), α-and β-esterase (EST) isoenzymes and genomic DNA patterns were electrophoretically detected in both of bone marrow and spleen tissues. It was verified that CYP caused significant (P<0.05) decline in the hematological measurements which restored in all carob treated groups. Furthermore, all native electrophoretic patterns and isoenzymes in the bone marrow and spleen tissues illustrated that the lowest similarity index (SI %) was noticed in the CYP-treated group. The carob extract increased the SI % through restoring the absent normal bands and hiding the abnormal ones in all carob treated groups. Moreover, CYP induced cleavage of the genomic DNA and the carob extract maintained integrity of the genomic DNA in spleen tissue.

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Carob Pod

2011

Natural Food Flavors and Colorants

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Determination of Chemical Composition of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua): Protein, Fat, Carbohydrates, and Tannins

Cited by 196 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) pod byproduct on quail performance, egg characteristics, fatty acids, and cholesterol levels

Effects of carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ) pod byproduct on quail performance, egg characteristics, fatty acids, and cholesterol levels

Ameliorative Effect of Carob Pods Extract (Ceratonia siliqua L.) against Cyclophosphamide Induced Alterations in Bone Marrow and Spleen of Rats

Carob Pod

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