Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

Vargas-Razo, Cesar; Tyson, Julian F.

doi:10.1007/s002160050036

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The glass beads prevented liquid transfer to the atomizer and by submerging the GLS in the ice-bath, carry-over of water vapor following the heating step was further minimized. It is possible that other designs of GLS would be suitable; however, previous studies [39] have shown that the best design may be dependent on the analyte and operating conditions.…”

Section: Flow-injection Manifoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous detection of selenium by atomic fluorescence and sulfur by molecular emission by flow-injection hydride generation with on-line reduction for the determination of selenate, sulfate and sulfite

Tyson

Palmer

2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Simultaneous detection of selenium by atomic fluorescence and sulfur by molecular emission by flowinjection hydride generation with on-line reduction for the determination of selenate, sulfate and sulfite" (2009 An inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ICP-AFS) instrument, was modified so that it was capable of monitoring transient chromatographic or flow-injection profiles and that sulfur molecular emission and selenium atomic fluorescence could be monitored simultaneously in an argon-hydrogen diffusion flame on a glass burner. The analytes were introduced as hydrogen selenide and hydrogen sulfide, generated on a flow-injection manifold. Selenate was reduced to hydride-forming selenite by microwave-assisted on-line reaction with hydrochloric acid, and sulfate, or sulfite, was reduced to hydride-forming sulfide by a mixture of hydriodic acid, acetic acid and sodium hypophosphite. The effects of the nature of reducing agent, flow rate, microwave power and coil length were studied. The limit of detection (3 s) for selenium was 10 g L −1 , and for sulfide was 70 g L −1 (200-L injection volume). The calibration was linear for selenium up to 2 mg L −1 and to 10 mg L −1 for sulfide. The throughput was 180 h −1 . The three sulfur species could be differentiated on the basis of reactivity at various microwave powers.

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Section: Flow-injection Manifoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous detection of selenium by atomic fluorescence and sulfur by molecular emission by flow-injection hydride generation with on-line reduction for the determination of selenate, sulfate and sulfite

Tyson

Palmer

2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…However, the many different chemical properties of hydrido metal complexes, in addition to those of free atoms and nanoparticles, serve as a basis for explanations of such complex results observed during CVG as the memory effects, the acid-base behaviour observed during rinsing experiments, the effect of added surfactant and other additives as well as many other observations noted in the present and previous studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]43 …”

Section: ð22þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the mechanism of chemical vapor generation of transition and noble metals

Feng

Sturgeon

Lam

et al. 2005

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=8898182&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=8898182&lang=fr READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1039/b417172aJournal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 20, 4, pp. 255-265, 2005 Insights into the mechanism of chemical vapor generation of transition and noble metals The mechanisms of chemical vapor generation (CVG) of transition and noble metals by reaction with tetrahydroborate(III) have been investigated in an effort to reconcile fundamental properties of compounds containing metal-hydride bonds with the experimental evidence collected in the present work and in the recent analytical literature on CVG. Silver, gold and rhodium were investigated in detail. Various materials constituting the wetted surfaces of the reaction apparatus (Ryton, glass, silanized glass) were examined for their effect on the overall process, as was the presence of surface-active agents (Triton X-100 TM , antifoam B). Two types of reactions contribute to the formation of volatile species. The first (primary reaction) occurs through homogeneous liquid phase reactions between aqueous analyte complexes (ML n ) and hydroboron species (BH 4 À and its hydrolysis products). The second (secondary reaction) is a surface mediated reaction between reaction intermediates, mostly formed in the primary reaction and chemisorbed by active sites on surfaces, and hydroboron species. The participation of active surface sites generally improves the efficiency of CVG compared with use of an inert surface, but this feature cannot always be usefully employed in analytical applications due to slow reaction kinetics producing memory effects. Reaction int...

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“…Existem, na literatura, inúmeras aplicações da técnica de geração de hidretos com detecção por espectrometria atômica, em uma ampla variedade de amostras: alimentos (As) [163][164][165][166] ; água (As) 6,[167][168][169][170][171][172] , (Pb) 173 , (Sn) 174 , (Sb) [175][176][177] , (Se) [178][179][180] , (Tl) 181 , (As e Se) 182 , (As, Se e Sb) 183 , (As, Se, Sb e Ge) 184 ; água e solo (Pb) 185 , amostras ambientais (As) 186 , (Cd) 187 , (Sb) 188,189 , (Sn) 190 ; amostras biológicas (Se) 7 , (As e Bi) 191 ; amostras biológicas e ambientais (As) 192 , (Cd) 193 , (As e Se) 194 ; amostras clíni-cas: cabelo (Se) 195 , (Sb) 196 , urina (As) [197][198][199][200][201] , (Bi) 202 , (Se) 203,205 ; bebidas: vinho (Sb) 206 , vinho e cerveja (As) 207<...>…”

Section: Aplicaçõesunclassified

A geração química de vapor em espectrometria atômica

et al. 2002

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Recebido em 17/9/01; aceito em 29/5/02 CHEMICAL VAPOR GENERATION IN ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY. The historical development of atomic spectrometry techniques based on chemical vapor generation by both batch and flow injection sampling formats is presented. Detection via atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) , inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and furnace atomic nonthermal excitation spectrometry (FANES) are considered. Hydride generation is separately considered in contrast to other methods of generation of volatile derivatives. Hg -CVAAS (cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry) is not considered here. The current state-of-the-art, including extension, advantages and limitations of this approach is discussed.Keywords: chemical vapor generation; atomic spectrometry; batch and flow injection. INTRODUÇÃOO sucesso da espectrometria atômica depende, freqüentemente, do procedimento de introdução da amostra, sendo que o modo mais comum baseia-se na formação de um aerossol líquido, por meio de nebulizadores pneumáticos. Esses dispositivos são de operação simples e conveniente e, por isso mesmo, amplamente utilizados. Entretanto, menos de 10% da solução introduzida é transformada em aerossol útil, sendo sua maior parte, portanto, descartada. Além disso, dificuldades com esses nebulizadores surgem quando são usadas soluções muito viscosas ou com alto teor salino ou, ainda, quando se dispõe tão somente de micro-volumes de amostra 1 .Uma alternativa que se apresenta é a transformação da espécie de interesse em um composto volátil, e seu posterior transporte para a célula de atomização. Quando esta transformação se faz por meio de uma reação química, o processo é conhecido como geração química de vapor. A geração eletroquímica também é citada, embora menos freqüentemente 2-7 . Dois trabalhos podem ser considerados como marcos na geração química de vapor: no primeiro, Hatch e Ott 8 inauguraram a técnica hoje conhecida como "de vapor frio", embora se deva citar os trabalhos anteriores de Poluektov et al. 9,10 Na técnica do vapor frio, o íon mercúrico contido numa solução da amostra é reduzido a mercúrio elementar e assim carreado por uma corrente de gás (ar, N 2 ou Ar), borbulhada através da solução, para a célula de absorção; ou seja, o vapor formado pela reação já é o próprio vapor atômico. O segundo marco na geração de vapor é o trabalho de Holak 11 , onde o arsênio foi reduzido a arsina pela adição, à amostra ácida, de Zn metá-lico, e esta transportada para a chama de um aparelho de absorção atômica. O ganho em sensibilidade observado resulta da maior eficiência de transporte do analito, em comparação com a nebulização pneumática, uma vez que toda a arsina formada pode, em princípio, alcançar o atomizador, carreada por um fluxo de argônio ou nitrogênio e também pelo próprio gás hidrogênio gerado na reação. Entretanto, a atomização do arsênio usando chama convencional apresenta ...

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Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Simultaneous detection of selenium by atomic fluorescence and sulfur by molecular emission by flow-injection hydride generation with on-line reduction for the determination of selenate, sulfate and sulfite

Simultaneous detection of selenium by atomic fluorescence and sulfur by molecular emission by flow-injection hydride generation with on-line reduction for the determination of selenate, sulfate and sulfite

Insights into the mechanism of chemical vapor generation of transition and noble metals

A geração química de vapor em espectrometria atômica

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