Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Raw Milk by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Abstract

A simple, uncontaminated method was described for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry used for determination of Cd and Pb in milk serum prepared by spontaneous souring. Samples of raw milk were collected from the bulk holding tanks of 107 dairy farms in six counties in Taiwan. Raw milk samples were placed at room temperature (28 degrees C) for 48 h, to allow the pH to decrease below 4.6 and the casein and fat to precipitate. Milk serum was filtered and then directly injected into a graphite tube. The standard addition method was employed, and .1% phosphoric acid was the matrix modifier. During ashing, a 15-s oxygen influx prevented charcoal accumulation on the graphite tube. The mean recoveries of Cd and Pb from three added concentrations were 93.7% and 94.5%, respectively. The analyzed Cd and Pb concentrations in milk powder using this method were close to the certified values. The mean Cd and Pb contents obtained from 107 samples were .044 ng/ml, ranging from .021 to .173, and 2.03 ng/ml, ranging from .98 to 4.45, respectively. There were no significant differences among the six counties.

Hematotoxicity status of lead and three other heavy metals in cow slaughtered for human consumption in Jos, Nigeria

“…The poisoning is more common in farm ruminants, which are considered most susceptible to the toxic effects of lead (Swarup et al, 2005). For that reason, the concentration of Pb and Cd in cow's blood should be monitored to ensure protection of consumers' health (Jen et al, 1994).…”

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery Detection of Heavy Metals in Milk of Camel, Cattle, Buffalo and Goat from Various Areas of Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan

“…Animals milk contain important elements P, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cl and trace elements including Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Ni and proteins [6]. Lactating animals when exposed to high concentration of heavy metals like Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Hg, Pb, Fe, As and Cr, then in these animals the metals amass in their milk, which when consumed by consumers cause serious health issues [7]. Regarding the growth and development of infants, there are reported countless studies published showing importance of breast milk.…”

Determination of Heavy Metals Content (Cadmium and Lead) in Raw Cow’s and Buffalo’s Milk

“…Lactating cow's may possibly be exposed to high quantity of toxic elements such as Lead and Cadmium (Jeng et al, 1994). The cattle feed and environment might be the source of heavy metals like Lead and Cadmium in milk and capable of causing serious health problems among the people consuming milk with such contaminants (Monkiewicz et al, 1999).…”