Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery Detection of Heavy Metals in Milk of Camel, Cattle, Buffalo and Goat from Various Areas of Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan

Ahmad, Ijaz; Zaman, Aqal; Samad, Noreen; Ayaz, Muhammad; Rukh, Shah; Akbar, Atif; Ullah, Najeeb

doi:10.4172/2155-9872.1000367

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although metals such as iron, copper, and manganese are essential elements in the body, in large quantities, they cause toxicity. The metal of chromium, lead, and nickel is listed in the priority list of hazardous substances by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (Kafaei et al 2017;Ahmad et al 2017). Heavy metals accumulate in various tissues of the body and can affect the central nervous system or cause other diseases such as impaired intelligence, behavioral impairment, and cardiovascular and renal disease (Christoforidis and Stamatis 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic heavy metals and nutrient concentration in the milk of goat herds in two Iranian industrial and non-industrial zones

Homayonibezi

Dobaradaran

Arfaeinia

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This work aimed to explore the concentration of nickel, manganese, iron, copper, chromium, and lead in the milk of goat herds in the industrial area of Asaluyeh (southern Iran) and the non-industrial area of Kaki. The milk of 16 goat herds (each herd had at least ten goats) was collected in several villages in each area, and at the same time, the drinking water and forage of goats were sampled. The concentration of elements in the samples was determined by ICP-OES. The mean concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and nickel in milk samples of the Asaluyeh area were 16.423 ± 0.349, 0.146 ± 0.118, 6.111 ± 0.501, 0.239 ± 0.016, 0.141 ± 0.030, and 1.447 ± 0.101 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals (except for copper) in the milk of goats in the industrialized area of Asaluyeh were significantly higher than that of Kaki (P < 0.05). Also, the content of heavy metals was significantly correlated with lactose levels (P < 0.05). The hazard index for drinking the goat milk was computed to be 0.444 and 0.386 for the Asaluyeh and Kaki area, respectively, which shows a minimal effect of this exposure pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic heavy metals and nutrient concentration in the milk of goat herds in two Iranian industrial and non-industrial zones

Homayonibezi

Dobaradaran

Arfaeinia

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The results in this work cleared that the concentration of Cu in different samples varied from 0.009 to 0.81 ppm. Lower results were detected by (Dobrzanski et al, 2005, Meshref et al, 2014, and Ahmad et al, 2017, while other authors recorded higher levels of Cu in cow milk samples (Yuet al, 2015, Issa et al, 2016 andKabir et al, 2017) Regarding kareish cheese, higher level of Cu was reported by (Deeb, 2010). The presence of Cu residues in milk can occur from different sources as animal feed, water with high Cu content, or from Cu bearing and Cu alloys used in equipment (Mitchell, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Heavy metal and trace element residues and health risk assessment in raw milk and dairy products with a trail for removal of copper residues

Mansour

Abdelfatah

Ahmed

et al. 2019

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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This study was conducted to determine the residues of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Copper (Cu) in raw milk of different species and dairy products, and to estimate the dietary intake of such metals, as well as to evaluate the potential health hazards of these metals to humans through consuming milk and dairy products. On the other hand, we made a trial to remove copper residues using adsorption properties of the resin. Therefore, a total of 120 random samples of milk and dairy products, including 80 samples of raw milk of different species from different dairy shops, and farms in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, in addition to 20 samples for each of UHT milk and Kariesh cheese, were collected. Pb and Cu residues in the examined samples were ranged from 1.85-2.78, 0.009-0.81ppm, respectively, while Cd was detected only in raw goat's milk and kariesh cheese samples. However, it is worth to clear that Pb was recorded the highest levels in the examined samples, since most of samples were over the permissible level of 0.1 mg/kg established by Egyptian Standard. Human health risk associated with consuming milk and other examined dairy products was identified using Target Health Quotient (THQ) showed that Pb is the most dangerous element measured in these products as its value was more than one in 66.7% of samples. In the present study, performance of IMAC HP resin was assessed for the first time for removal of Cu ions from artificially contaminated raw cow's milk, although it is used extensively to purify water from heavy metals. It was noticed that the removal efficiency of Cu ions increased with higher resin concentration, and increasing time, as maximum removal percent (76.89%) was achieved by using 0.8 g/L. IMAC HP resin after 45 min. Finally, it was concluded that this type of resin is suitable for the adsorption of Cu ions from artificially contaminated raw milk.

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“…In this study, one of the products based on goat milk did not have supplemental Mn; however, it also contained chocolate, so the effect of goat milk on total Mn concentration could not be assessed from this set of samples. Prior surveys suggest that the Mn concentration of goat milk is comparable to that of cow milk [100,108–110]; similarly, the Mn concentration of goat-milk based formulas has been shown to be comparable to that of cow-milk based formulas [96].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese levels in infant formula and young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to breast milk and regulations

Frisbie

Mitchell²,

Roudeau

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) in children has recently been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Current infant formula regulations for Mn content were set between 1981 (United States), 2006 (European Union, France), and 2007 (Codex Alimentarius) prior to the publication of much of the growing body of research on the developmental neurotoxicity of Mn. In this study, we sought to measure the concentrations of Mn in some infant formulas and young child nutritional beverages available on the United States (US) and French markets using ion beam analysis by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry and then compare the analytical results to concentrations reported in the literature for breast milk and applicable infant formula regulations and guidelines. We were particularly interested in measuring Mn concentrations in product types for which there is very little data from previous surveys, especially soy-based, rice-based, goat-milk based, chocolate-flavored, and nutritional beverages for young children that are not regulated as infant or follow-on formulas (e.g. “toddler formulas” and “toddler powders”). We purchased 44 infant formulas and young child nutritional beverage products in the US and France with varying protein sources (cow-milk, goat-milk, soy, rice) labelled for birth to 3 years. We selected these samples using maximum variation sampling to explore market extremes to facilitate comparisons to regulatory limits. Since this sampling method is non-probabilistic, other inferences cannot be made beyond this set of samples to the overall markets. We used ion beam analysis to measure the concentrations of Mn in each product. The range of measured Mn concentrations in the products is 160–2,800 μg/L, substantially higher than the 3–6 μg/L mean Mn concentration reported in human breast milk. All products satisfied national and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) international standards for minimum Mn content in infant formulas; however, 7/25 of the products purchased in the US exceeded the CAC Guidance Upper Level of 100 μg Mn/kcal for infant formula.

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Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery Detection of Heavy Metals in Milk of Camel, Cattle, Buffalo and Goat from Various Areas of Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Toxic heavy metals and nutrient concentration in the milk of goat herds in two Iranian industrial and non-industrial zones

Toxic heavy metals and nutrient concentration in the milk of goat herds in two Iranian industrial and non-industrial zones

Heavy metal and trace element residues and health risk assessment in raw milk and dairy products with a trail for removal of copper residues

Manganese levels in infant formula and young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to breast milk and regulations

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