Toxic heavy metals and nutrient concentration in the milk of goat herds in two Iranian industrial and non-industrial zones

Abstract

This work aimed to explore the concentration of nickel, manganese, iron, copper, chromium, and lead in the milk of goat herds in the industrial area of Asaluyeh (southern Iran) and the non-industrial area of Kaki. The milk of 16 goat herds (each herd had at least ten goats) was collected in several villages in each area, and at the same time, the drinking water and forage of goats were sampled. The concentration of elements in the samples was determined by ICP-OES. The mean concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and nickel in milk samples of the Asaluyeh area were 16.423 ± 0.349, 0.146 ± 0.118, 6.111 ± 0.501, 0.239 ± 0.016, 0.141 ± 0.030, and 1.447 ± 0.101 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals (except for copper) in the milk of goats in the industrialized area of Asaluyeh were significantly higher than that of Kaki (P < 0.05). Also, the content of heavy metals was significantly correlated with lactose levels (P < 0.05). The hazard index for drinking the goat milk was computed to be 0.444 and 0.386 for the Asaluyeh and Kaki area, respectively, which shows a minimal effect of this exposure pathway.

Concentration of mineral and heavy metals in raw mare (horse) milk consumed in Yazd, Iran: A risk assessment study

“…The Mn content of mare's milk samples was estimated higher than Bilandžić et al (2014) (<0.01 mg/kg). The limit of nickel in milk is prescribed as 0.4 mg/kg (Homayonibezi et al, 2021), but all milk samples in the current study had lower Ni content.…”

“…According to the results, the mare's milk is poor in terms of Fe and (2020) (8.1 mg/dL) in mare's milk. The recommended value for Mn in milk is set as 55.5 mg/kg (Homayonibezi et al, 2021). The Mn content of mare's milk samples was estimated higher than Bilandžić et al (2014) (<0.01 mg/kg).…”

“…This also could be attributed to the age of the mares, which participated in the current study, which was higher than 4 years old. The variation in metal composition of dairy products is affected by the stage of lactation, species and genetics, age, mammary gland health status, milk protein content, nutritional status of animal, environmental factors, sample size and analytical method accuracy (Fantuz et al, 2015;Fantuz et al, 2012;Homayonibezi et al, 2021;Pietrzak-Fiećko & Kamelska-Sadowska, 2020). Due to the high toxicity and carcinogenic activity of lead in the human body, food monitoring for probable contamination seems necessary.…”

Essential and Non-essential Trace Elements in Milks and Plant-Based Drinks

“…Milks and plant-based drinks are essential components of the diet of a large part of the population. Most studies have been focused on the determination of essential and nonessential elements in raw milk directly collected from the farm [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few studies comparing the content of essential and nonessential elements in different types of milks, plant-based drinks and infant formula products found in the market.…”

Development and Ratification of a Precise Method (GF-AAS) Used for the Determination of Poisonous Metal Lead (Pb) in Dairy Cow Milk Sample Commonly Available in the Market of Bangladesh

“…Apart from these, food products can be polluted by accidents, mistakes and frauds that deal with a wide range of chemicals and compromise its safety [13]. People might face severe life-threatening problems if they live in the contaminated areas, contaminated food chain and polluted air or other organisms found in the surroundings [14]. It is reported that about thirty-eight micro and trace minerals are found in the raw milk from different region of the world [15].…”