Determination of bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol in soft drinks and dairy products by ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence dete

Abstract

A novel hyphenated method based on ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to precolumn derivatization has been established for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Different parameters that influence microextraction and derivatization have been optimized. The quantitative linear range of analytes is 5.0-400.0 ng/L, and the correlation coefficients are more than 0.9998. Limits of detection for soft drinks and dairy products have been obtained in the range of 0.5-1.2 ng/kg and 0.01-0.04 μg/kg, respectively. Relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precision for retention time and peak area are in the range of 0.47-2.31 and 2.76-8.79%, respectively. Accuracy is satisfactory in the range of 81.5-118.7%. Relative standard deviations of repeatability are in the range of 0.35-1.43 and 2.36-4.75% for retention time and peak area, respectively. Enrichment factors for bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol are 170.5, 240.3, and 283.2, respectively. The results of recovery and matrix effect are in the range of 82.7-114.9 and 92.0-109.0%, respectively. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol in soft drinks and dairy products with much higher sensitivity than many other methods.

Development of a fabric phase sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection method for the analysis of alkyl phenols in environmental samples

“…SPE is the most commonly used sample preparation technique to remove the possible interferences. Other sample preparation techniques for APs include stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) , dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) , magnetically retrievable ionic‐liquid‐mediated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction , SPME , and single drop microextraction . Even though SPE is a predominant sample preparation technique, it possesses certain inherent limitations such as large sample size, high solvent consumption, laborious and time consuming steps, and usually needs solvent evaporation and a sample reconstitution step .…”

Effervescence and graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes assisted microextraction for natural antioxidants by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

“…This may be caused by small vacuum bubbles or void produced by ultrasonication. When these small vacuum bubbles or void violently collapsed, the temperature of sample solution rose rapidly, which influenced desorption quantity of the proposed method [23]. Therefore, 7.5 min was employed as the optimum elution time.…”

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A in complex samples by in-column molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis

“…[4,5]. For complex sample analysis, the separation techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were seemed as the most popular approaches [6,7]. During the past decades, capillary electrophoresis (CE), as an alternative methodology, has proven to be a highly efficient and rapid analytical technique for the analysis of endocrine disruptors (including BPA) in complex samples because it offers the advantages of high efficiency, high resolution, short analysis time, and low consumption of samples [8].…”