Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) are horn-shaped single-walled tubules with a conical tip. They are generally synthesized by laser ablation of pure graphite without using metal catalyst with high production rate and high yield, and typically form radial aggregates. SWCNHs are essentially metal-free and very pure, which avoids cumbersome purification and makes them user-friendly and environmentally benign. Currently, SWCNHs have been widely studied for various applications, such as gas storage, adsorption, catalyst support, drug delivery system, magnetic resonance analysis, electrochemistry, biosensing application, photovoltaics and photoelectrochemical cells, photodynamic therapy, fuel cells, and so on. This review outlines the research progress on SWCNHs, including their properties, functionalization, applications, and outlook.
Carbon materials have been extensively investigated due to their diversity, favorable properties, and active applications including electroanalytical chemistry. This critical review discusses new synthetic methods, novel carbon materials, new properties and electroanalytical applications of carbon materials particularly related to the preparation as well as bioanalytical and environmental applications of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, various carbon films (e.g. pyrolyzed carbon films, boron-doped diamond films and diamond-like carbon films) and screen printing carbon electrodes. Future perspectives in the field have also been discussed (366 references).
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