Determination of Aromatic Compounds in Water by Solid Phase Microextraction and Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy. 1. Methodology

Abstract

A simple method is described for determining aromatic compounds (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, etc.) in water that combines solid phase microextraction (SPME) and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy. The extraction medium consists of a small "chip" of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (total volume of ∼80 µL) that is immersed in a water sample contaminated with an aromatic compound. Equilibrium is first allowed to establish between the analyte in the water and the extraction medium, and the concentration of the aromatic compound is then determined directly in the sorbent chip by UV spectroscopy. Calibration information on this new method was obtained for 11 aromatic compounds commonly found in unleaded gasoline (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene, etc). It was found that equilibrium is established in the range of 30-50 min, with the exception of 1-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene, which equilibrated within 100 min. Detection limits for the aromatic compounds at their equilibration times range from 0.40 to 12 ppb except for benzene (97 ppb). Relative standard deviations of the SPME-UV measurements are 3-12%.

Graphene oxide bonded fused‐silica fiber for solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

“…It has extensive applications in food [3,4], environment [5], biochemistry [6,7] and medicine [8] and it has been coupled with many analytical technologies, such as GC [9], HPLC [10,11], CE [12], UV [13,14] and MS [15]. The core part of the SPME technique is the coating, a stationary phase that adsorbs the analytes from varied samples.…”

Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography

“…In addition, SPME has been successfully used as a device for sampling volatile organic compounds from biological samples and foodstuffs in chromatographic analysis (28 -33). Besides its chromatographic utility, SPME has been used for sampling in Raman spectroscopy (34), mass spectroscopy (18,35), and ultraviolet adsorption spectroscopy (36,37). SPME has also been used for the determination of PAHs in water and soil samples (17, 25, 38 -41).…”

Evaluation of solid phase microextraction for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds

“…SPME is an attractive alternative to conventional liquid±liquid or liquid±solid extractions because no solvents are needed in a SPME analysis and minimal sample preparation is involved. SPME has been used in many applications of hydrophobic compounds producing precise and sensitive results, such as aromatic compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water (Zhang and Pawliszyn, 1993;Wittkamp et al, 1997) and wastewater (Poerschmann et al, 1997). The application of SPME to more hydrophilic compounds has not been as well-studied.…”