Evaluation of solid phase microextraction for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds

Abstract

Two commercially available solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, polyacrylate and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), were evaluated for their ability to extract hydrophilic compounds from drinking water. Conditions, such as desorption time, desorption temperature, sample temperature, sample stirring, methanol concentration in the sample, and ionic strength of the sample, were optimized for 12 hydrophilic compounds (e.g., amines and alcohols) with both fibers. Accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) were determined for the target analytes with both fibers. In general, both fibers exhibited excellent accuracy and precision in the range of 91±110% and 1.0±13%, respectively. The carboxen/PDMS fiber extracted these hydrophilic compounds from water with 10 to 100 times lower MDLs (0.10 to 15 g/l) than the polyacrylate fiber (1.5 to 80 g/l). The MDLs of the carboxen/PDMS fiber demonstrate that SPME is a feasible approach for extracting hydrophilic compounds from drinking water.

Combined solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

“…This could be due to the fact that sampling in this study was carried out in summer when rainfall is low, favoring the concentration of pollutants. According to these results, 1,3‐DCP was also detected in similar river water at lower levels (5 ng/mL) in winter 23. As shown in Table 2, positive sewage water samples from a paper mill plant were found in this study.…”

“…Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) 8, 14, solid‐phase extraction (SPE) using silica gel 19 or diatomaceous earth (Extrelut) 1, 20–22 and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) 5, 13, 23, 24 are the most commonly used techniques for the separation or preconcentration of chloropropanols in liquid samples. Therefore, hollow fiber‐protected liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) was developed 25.…”

Methods and Measurements for Estimating Human Dermal Uptake of Volatile Organic Compounds and for Deriving Dermal Permeability Coefficients

“…VOC concentrations were measured by SPME (Supelco Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA) and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Hewlett-Packard Model 5890 Series II GC, and a Hewlett-Packard Model 5971 A MS detector) according to methods modified from Shoemaker et al (1999). In brief, the SPME syringe consisted of an inner plunger bonded to a 1-cm length of fused-silica fiber tip coated with a 100-µm layer of polydimethylsiloxane.…”

Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Sciences

“…271 SFE-GC/MS has been useful for identifying organic pollutants in sewage, 272 and SPME-GC/MS has been useful for measuring hydrophilic compounds. 273 Dias and Freeman used SPME to facilitate the measurement of stable carbon isotope compositions of organic compounds in water. 274 sion and mass spectral detection (GC/AED/MS) for analyzing nontarget organic compounds in municipal wastewater.…”

“…GC/MS has also been shown to be useful for determining organic compounds in oil field wastewater samples that were high in sulfide . SFE-GC/MS has been useful for identifying organic pollutants in sewage, and SPME-GC/MS has been useful for measuring hydrophilic compounds . Dias and Freeman used SPME to facilitate the measurement of stable carbon isotope compositions of organic compounds in water .…”