Determination of ammonium on an integrated microchip with LED-induced fluorescence detection

Light-emitting diodes׳ light qualities and their corresponding scientific applications

“…In addition to aid the studies of photocatalyst activation as well as the investigation of fish production, reproduction, and behavior [83]; blue LEDs have been used in almost all fields of applications reviewed in this paper. As for UV LEDs, they are usually applied in biomedical researches and environmental applications, such as detection [84], disinfection [85] and photocatalyst activation [86]. This review has demonstrated LEDs' qualification for replacing their more energy demanding counterparts in a great variety of research fields.…”

Monitoring of nitrite, nitrate, chloride and sulfate in environmental samples using electrophoresis microchips coupled with contactless conductivity detection

“…Besides nitrite and nitrate, the monitoring of ammonium concentration levels is quite relevant, once it is considered the most severe pollutant causing eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. The determination of ammonium has been performed using often photometric, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence and electrochemical detectors coupled with IC, flow injection analysis and capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques [13][14][15]. However, most of the mentioned analytical techniques require derivatization reactions, which are considered laborious and, consequently, time-consuming.…”

A Miniaturized Stepwise Injection Spectrophotometric Analyzer

“…6 The μFIA chip is characterized by simplicity and high throughput. However, due to sample dispersion and poor mixing, especially for multireagent and slow reactions, the sensitivity of the method is decreased.…”