Determination of Acetonitrile and Cyanide in Rat Blood: Application to an Experimental Study

Abstract

Methods were developed for the analysis of acetonitrile and its metabolite cyanide in the blood of rats exposed to acetonitrile. Acetonitrile was analyzed by the headspace technique coupled to gas chromatography with detection by flame ionization, and cyanide was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (lambdaex = 418 nm and lambdaem = 460 nm) after derivatization of the ion with naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxyaldehyde and taurine. The quantitation limits of the methods for the analysis of acetonitrile and cyanide were 4.875 microg/mL and 0.025 microg/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variation of 10% or less obtained for intra- and interassay precision indicate the precision of these analytical methods and the systematic errors, all less than 5%, indicate that the methods are quite accurate. The methods were applied to an experimental study after the animals received acetonitrile at the doses of 2 mmol/kg or 5 mmol/kg.

The Chromosomal and Protein-Bound Thiocyanate Analyses in Car Painting Workers as a Marker of Cyanide Exposure

“…and 33.4±5.88 con.). the age group effect, on the contrary, the effect was the same, as the more years of work, the greater the effect of mutagenicity, the DNA damage ratio increased 2, 2.8, and 4 folds in the work period (5-10), (11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and (16-20) years respectively, the same effect occurred in the MN as an indication of the genotoxic effect.…”

“…Standard lymphocyte subset rate ranges in healthy from 19% to 48% for CD8+ cells and 28% to 58% for CD4+ [20-22], from results, both kinds of cells in the normal range, but the rate of CD4+ was reduced according to control associated with significant raises in CD8+ cells so the CD4+: CD8+ ratio was reduced from 1.9 within the control group and reached to 1.11 and 1.04 in both exposed age groups respectively, mentioning the variable years of work the CD4+: CD8+ ratio was also dropped from 1.9 to 1.14, 1.03, and 1.02 for groups (5-10), (11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and (16-20) years respectively [18 and 19].From observations through car painting workshops tour, that ambient air of these shops saturated gases, vapors and different particulates (chemicals and dust), locally so rare specialized researches dealing with occupational exposure to paints in such long hours of exposed 8 hr/day and 48 hr/week this explains many variations in genetic material, such as the DNA reactivity, breakage, aneuploidy, and oxidative stress, this certainly leads to many types of malignancy, especially leukemia, nasopharyngeal, and Sinonasal cancer. The findings from the current study agreeable with several studies referred to immunotoxic and genotoxic effects of cyanide and its derivatives on populations environmentally and occupationally.…”

“…In animals, hematological results were recognized as hemolytic anemia in the group of rat s exposed to copper cyanide, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanideadministered for 90 days with 14.5 mg CN-/kg/day as a copper cyanide causes erythrocytes decreases as well as hemoglobin level reduction and hematocrit reduction associated with pigmentation of the spleen and liver, while effects on hepatocytes were observed after ingestion of copper cyanide for male rats dosed for 90 days14.5 mg CN-/kg/day by copper cyanide associated with a raised concentration of blood glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and blood glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels, raised bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and reduced globulin concentration in the blood these chemical changes joined with liver necrosis and changing in absolute and relative liver weight for treated groups. The main objective of this study is to determine occupational exposure to inorganic pollutants,especially cyanide compounds in car painting workshop workers and determined, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity and comparing the results with a non-exposed group [10][11][12].…”

Ultra-sensitive determination of cyanide in surface water by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol

“…High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [36][37][38][39][40][41], and direct injection MS/MS [42,43] have previously been reported in the analysis of cyanide. In these methods, cyanide was derivatized with reagents including 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]41],o-phthalaldehyde [32,33], quinoline and benzoyl chloride [32], and metal-ligand reagents [35,39,40].…”

Derivatization Method of Free Cyanide Including Cyanogen Chloride for the Sensitive Analysis of Cyanide in Chlorinated Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…HPLC methods, − LC tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), − and direct injection MS/MS , have previously been reported in the analysis of cyanide. In these methods, cyanide was derivatized with reagents of 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde, − ,− o -phthalaldehyde, , quinoline and benzoyl chloride, and metal–ligand reagents. ,, Many LC-MS/MS methods for determining cyanide in biological samples that do not employ derivatization have been developed. , However, these methods suffer from low sensitivity and interference and require additional cleanup steps.…”