Determinants of Virtual Water Flows in the Mediterranean

Fracasso, Andrea; Sartori, Martina; Schiavo, Stefano

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2536794

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The finding that GDP, population and irrigated land are significant in explaining NVWI dynamics supports the results of Tamea et al (2014), who studied the drivers of virtual water trade using gravity laws. The finding that blue water scarcity was not an influencing factor of virtual water trade in a water-scarce country is similar to the finding of Kumar and Singh (2005) and Fracasso et al (2016), who found that water endowment and water scarcity were not driving factors for virtual water trade for specific countries. However, blue water scarcity may have indirectly influenced the temporal development of the irrigated area that was identified as a significant factor to explain net virtual water import for some crops.…”

Section: Refection On Research Findings and Contributions To Scientifsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…They found that GDP and distance are the fundamental controlling factors of virtual water trade, both for import and for export, while the arable land does not give a significant contribution. In a more recent study, Fracasso et al (2016) investigate the determinants of the bilateral virtual water trade in the Mediterranean basin. The study showed that larger water endowments do not necessarily lead to larger export of water-intensive products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic allocation of water to crops in international context : a national and global perspective

Chouchane

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A doctoral thesis is often described as a solitary endeavour; however, the long list that follows definitely proves the opposite. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere and profound gratitude to my supervisor and promotor Arjen, whose support was crucial in shaping my thesis with his immense knowledge, critical reviews and patience. Thank you, Arjen, for giving me the opportunity to do my PhD research with you and for providing me with comfortable research conditions. I learned a lot from you Arjen and without your support, I certainly could not have finished my dissertation successfully. I'm also indebted to Maarten who has been my daily supervisor and whose contribution to the completion of this thesis is indispensable. Maarten, I have been extremely lucky to have a supervisor who cared so much about my work, and who responded to my questions and queries so promptly. Your knowledge of good scientific and mathematical practices has shaped this dissertation in numerous ways. Meetings with you were always very encouraging and inspiring. My special thanks go to Joke, our enthusiastic and very helpful office manager. Your administrative and personal support has provided another very necessary part of PhD life. The help from you alongside with Anke and Monique has made my life at the UT easier. I would like to thank all my current and former colleagues at the WEM department and friends of current and former WFN for all lunch talks, coffee times, WEM uitje, Chrismas lunch, EGU conference time and all great conversations. Special thanks to

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Section: Refection On Research Findings and Contributions To Scientifsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic allocation of water to crops in international context : a national and global perspective

Chouchane

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“…Fracasso (2014) estimates a trade gravity mo del and finds that bilateral flows are affected by water endowments and pressure on water resources in addition to the classic determinants of the gravity model. Utilizing the same model, and examining VW flows across the Mediterranean basin, Fracasso et al (2016) verify that larger water endowments do not necessarily result in more VW exports. Seekell et al (2011) use trade data to argue that VW flows are directed by global economic structures and trade relations rather than by the relative scarcity of water within nations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Virtual Water Trade: The Implications of Capital Scarcity

et al. 2018

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The original idea behind the virtual water (VW) concept is that water-abundant countries will become producers of water-intensive goods and consequently net exporters of water, and this will alleviate the initial unequal distribution of hydric resources. We criticize this optimistic view by introducing empirical evidence that is consistent with the Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade. We find that, though virtual water exports are increasing in the combined availability of water and arable land when comparing countries with a similar level of available water-land resources, those with higher (lower) levels of physical-human capital tend to be net importers (exporters) of water. This result relies on the intuition that high levels of capital accumulation lead water to become a relatively scarce factor in developed countries. Thus, while more developed countries shift away from agriculture, less developed countries that lack sufficient capital do not have this option and end up using water resources even if they are not abundant. Such a trade pattern could create immediate economic benefits for less developed countries, but also exerts pressure on their water resources. Therefore, prioritizing economic development in countries that have limited water availability, may be crucial to avoid excessive usage and depletion of global water resources.

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“…Agricultural irrigation has a large water demand, while service industries need less water. Much research has been done on virtual water trade for relieving water stress [32][33][34][35]. However, the application of virtual water strategies to improve water use efficiency was challenged due to comprehensive capacities of economic level, social equity, infrastructural construction, and potential eco-environmental effect.…”

Section: Water Stress and Virtual Water Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Water Flows at the County Level in the Heihe River Basin, China

Zhang

Zhou

2017

Water

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Water scarcity in arid regions can be addressed by using the virtual water concept in water resources management. This research used a compiled county-level input-output table to analyze virtual water flows for the Heihe River Basin in 2012 by applying a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. The results showed that the Heihe River Basin is a net virtual water exporter at a scale of 1.05 billion m 3 , which accounts for one third of the total amount of the basin's water resources. The midstream area of the basin imports 96.31% of virtual water (2.04 billion m 3 ) and exports 88.84% of virtual water (0.94 billion m 3 ). In contrast, the upstream and downstream parts have limited virtual water flows. The agricultural sector largely consumes water in each county; maize or wheat production accounts for approximately 50% of the total water consumption. For most sectors, the virtual water content from surface water is greater than that from groundwater. The ratio of virtual surface water to virtual groundwater ranges from 1.20 to 2.91. The results for the water stress index indicated that most counties experienced water stress due to maize production. Greater attention needs to be paid to the adaptation and assessment of virtual water strategies in arid regions.

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Determinants of Virtual Water Flows in the Mediterranean

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Economic allocation of water to crops in international context : a national and global perspective

Economic allocation of water to crops in international context : a national and global perspective

Virtual Water Trade: The Implications of Capital Scarcity

Virtual Water Flows at the County Level in the Heihe River Basin, China

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