Determinants of Fathers' Participation in Family Work

Barnett, Rosalind C.; Baruch, Grace K.

doi:10.2307/352667

Cited by 333 publications

(265 citation statements)

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“…Arrindell (1998) argues that more feminine societies should manifest higher levels of subjective well-being than more masculine ones. More feminine societies would offer both sexes, especially women, more opportunities for the fulfillment of multiple social roles that are associated with more well-being and relationship satisfaction (e.g., Barnett and Baruch 1987). The Hofstede (2001) database does not specify measures for all countries of origin of the Dutch immigrant groups of our study.…”

Section: Gender-role Beliefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural and Gender Differences in Gender-Role Beliefs, Sharing Household Task and Child-Care Responsibilities, and Well-Being Among Immigrants and Majority Members in The Netherlands

Vijver

2007

Sex Roles

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The nature and size of culture and gender differences in gender-role beliefs, sharing behavior, and well-being were examined in five cultural groups in The Netherlands (1,104 Dutch mainstreamers, 249 Turkish-, 200 Moroccan-, 126 Surinamese-, and 94 AntilleanDutch). Acculturative changes in gender-role beliefs and sharing behavior in the immigrant groups were also addressed. It was shown that more egalitarian gender-role beliefs and more sharing were associated with more wellbeing in all culture and gender groups. Cultural differences were larger for gender-role beliefs than for sharing behavior. Age, educational level, and employment accounted for half of the cultural differences in gender-role beliefs and well-being, but not in household-task and childcare behavior. First-generation immigrants reported more traditional gender-role beliefs than did second-generation immigrants.

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Section: Gender-role Beliefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural and Gender Differences in Gender-Role Beliefs, Sharing Household Task and Child-Care Responsibilities, and Well-Being Among Immigrants and Majority Members in The Netherlands

Vijver

2007

Sex Roles

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“…Much of the research on dual-earner couples has focused on dual-career couples (i.e., Barnett & Baruch, 1987;Yogev, 1981). Dual-career couples are characterized by a higher mean family income, higher levels of educational attainment, and, thus, greater access to resources and opportunities.…”

Section: Division Of Labor and Social Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Child-care tasks: Child-care responsibility (Barnett & Baruch, 1987): Wives' expectations about the division of child care after their baby's birth were assessed at Time 1, and the actual division of child care was assessed at Time 2. There are 15 child-care tasks, and they include chores such as feeding, changing diapers, getting up at night with the baby, and playing with the baby.…”

Section: Household Tasks: Who Does What? (Atkinson and Huston 1984)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Division of Labor and Working-Class Women's Well-Being Across the Transition to Parenthood.

Goldberg¹,

Perry‐Jenkins²

2004

Journal of Family Psychology

120

134

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This study examines the degree to which the division of household and child-care tasks predicts working-class women's well-being across the transition to parenthood. Women completed questionnaires about the division of labor and their well-being before the birth of their first child and upon returning to work. Results showed that violated expectations regarding the division of child care were associated with increased distress postnatally, and there was some evidence that this relationship was moderated by gender ideology. Traditional women whose husbands did more child care than they expected them to do were more distressed. Work status also moderated the relationship between violated expectations and distress. The results suggest that the division of child care is more salient in predicting distress than the division of housework, for working-class women, at this time point.Family roles have undergone many changes in the United States over the past 50 years. What was considered the traditional family arrangement in the 1950s (mom stays home, dad works) is clearly no longer the norm. In 2000, both parents were employed in 64.2% of married-couple families with children under 18, whereas the father, but not the mother, was employed in only 29.2% of married-couple families. In 2000, the labor force participation rate of married mothers was 69.8%, with 55.8% of married mothers with children under a year old in the work force (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2000). These employment trends demonstrate that employed women who also claim the title of mother are clearly in the majority. Little is known about how the transition into the parent role, while maintaining one's work and marital roles, affects women's well-being. The goal of this study is to explore this phenomenon for working-class women. Multiple Roles and Women's Mental HealthMuch research has explored the effects of employment on women's mental health. Barnett and Hyde (2001) cite empirical data to support the notion that multiple roles are beneficial for women's mental health. Indeed, much research suggests that employed mothers enjoy greater psychological well-being than mothers who are housewives (e.g., Glass & Fujimoto, 1994;Hyde, Klein, Essex, & Clark, 1995;Kessler & McRae, 1982). However, other studies have not found significant differences in the mental health of housewives versus employed women (e.g., Klein, Hyde, Essex, & Clark, 1998;Lennon, 1994). These inconsistent findings may be explained, in part, by examining both paid and unpaid work together. For example, Rosenfield (1989) found that housewives were typically more depressed than employed women, with one exception: housewives were less depressed than the most overloaded employed women (fullCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Maureen Perry-Jenkins, Tobin Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. mpj@psych.umass.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript time working mothers who received litt...

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“…In research about father involvement, whether or not the mother is employed is considered a major and central issue since it tends to alter the traditional specialization role within the family, promoting greater father involvement in domestic labour and childrearing in dual-earner families. This might occur for practical reasons and also due to ideological and attitudinal considerations (Barnett & Baruch, 1988;gottfried & gottfried, 2006;Lamb, Pleck, Charnov, & Levine, 1987;Paterna & Martínez, 2006) but, whatever the reason or reasons, all the studies find more involved fathers in families where both parents are earners (Barnett & Baruch, 1988;Crouter & Manke, 1997;gottfried & gottfried, 2006;Lamb et al, 1987;McBride & Mills, 1993). In addition, studies specifically conducted with dual-earner families show that there are several characteristics of mothers' labour conditions (e.g., work-schedule, number of hours at work, and incomes) significantly related to father's level of participation in childrearing tasks (Barnett & Baruch, 1987;Deutsch, Lussier, & Servis, 1993;gaunt, 2005;Paterna & Martínez, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the importance of the mother's work status with respect to father involvement also stems from the significant role this index plays from an ecological perspective of the family system (Bronfenbrenner, 1979;Minuchin, 2002). Whether the mother works or not contributes to generating two ecologically different family microsystems, in which the father becomes involved in response to different situational requirements and within different relation patterns (Barnett & Baruch, 1988;Crouter & Manke, 1997;gottfried & gottfried, 2006;Lee & Doherty, 2007;Riley, 1990). Thus, in single-earner families the mother is available to be the main carer for the children, and as a result, in these homes the involvement of the father is essentially voluntary, depending on several factors that act as facilitators of that involvement (characteristics of marital relation, beliefs, and attitudes about sex roles ...).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Father Involvement and Marital Relationship during Transition to Parenthood: Differences between Dual and Single-Earner Families

Menéndez

García

et al. 2011

Span. j. psychol.

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Research into the process of becoming mother or father shows very conclusively that this important life transition is accompanied by both a decrease in marital quality and a more traditional division of labour. In this paper these changes are analyzed with special emphasis on the relationships between them and exploring the role played in this process by the mother's work status. Results showed a significant link between the development of marital quality and violated expectations regarding father involvement on childrearing. Dual-earner families were characterized by a specific pattern of changes, with greater stability than single-earner families in marital and parental roles during transition to parenthood and a significant role played by spouse support as a partner, but not as a parent. Keywords: father involvement, marital quality, transition to parenthood, mother's work status.La investigación sobre el proceso de convertirse en madre o en padre muestra, de manera muy concluyente, que esta importante transición evolutiva suele estar caracterizada por un decremento en la calidad de la relación de pareja y por una tradicionalización en la división de las tareas dentro del hogar. En este artículo se analizan ambos tipos de cambios prestando especial atención a la relación entre los mismos, y se explora el papel que juega en ellos el hecho de que la mujer trabaje o no fuera del hogar. Los resultados indican que existe una importante relación entre el desarrollo de la relación de pareja y la violación de expectativas respecto a la implicación del padre en la crianza y el cuidado del bebé. Las parejas en las que ambos miembros trabajan fuera del hogar tienden a estar caracterizadas por una mayor estabilidad en los roles como pareja y como progenitores durante la transición, y por el significativo papel que en este proceso juega el apoyo del cónyuge como pareja y no como progenitor. Palabras clave: implicación paterna, calidad de la relación de pareja, transición a la paternidad y la maternidad, estatus laboral de la madre.

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Determinants of Fathers' Participation in Family Work

Cited by 333 publications

References 14 publications

Cultural and Gender Differences in Gender-Role Beliefs, Sharing Household Task and Child-Care Responsibilities, and Well-Being Among Immigrants and Majority Members in The Netherlands

Cultural and Gender Differences in Gender-Role Beliefs, Sharing Household Task and Child-Care Responsibilities, and Well-Being Among Immigrants and Majority Members in The Netherlands

Division of Labor and Working-Class Women's Well-Being Across the Transition to Parenthood.

Father Involvement and Marital Relationship during Transition to Parenthood: Differences between Dual and Single-Earner Families

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