Determinantes sócio-culturais e históricos das práticas populares de prevenção e cura de doenças de um grupo cultural

Abstract

RESUMO: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que adotou como referencial teórico-metodológico a antropologia e a etnografia. Apresenta as experiências vivenciadas por mulheres de uma comunidade no processo saúde-doença, com o objetivo de compreender os determinantes sócio-culturais e históricos das práticas de prevenção e cura adotadas pelo grupo cultural por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada. Os temas emergentes foram: a relação entre alimentação e o processo saúde-doença, as relações com o sistema de saúde oficial e o processo saúde-doença e o sobrenatural. Os dados revelaram que os moradores da comunidade pesquisada possuem um modo peculiar de explicar o processo saúde-doença, admitindo causas naturais, sociais e sobrenaturais que orientam seus procedimentos terapêuticos. Consideramos que é papel dos profissionais de saúde em suas práticas, a adoção de abordagens que considerem o indivíduo em sua dimensão sócio-cultural e histórica, tendo em vista, a enorme diversidade cultural em nosso país.ABSTRACT: This is a qualitative study which adopted anthropology and ethnography as its theoreticalmethodological reference. It presents of experiences lived by women from a community during the health-disease process. It aims to comprehend the social-cultural and historical causes of popular prevention and care practice adopted by a cultural group through semi-structured interviews. The emerging themes were: the relation between feeding and the health-care process, the relations with the official health care and the health-sickness process, and the supernatural. The data showed that the researched community residents have a peculiar way of explaining the health-sickness process, admitting natural, social and supernatural causes that orientate their therapeutic procedures. We consider that it is the health professionals' rule in their practices, to adopt approaches that consider the individual in its social-cultural and historical dimension, keeping in mind the enormous cultural diversity of our country. RESUMEN:Es un estudio cualitativo que adoptó como referencial teorico-motodológico la antropología y la etnografía. Presenta las experiencias vivenciadas por mujeres de una comunidad en el proceso salud-enfermedad, con el objetivo de comprender los determinantes sócio-culturales e históri-cos de las prácticas de prevención y tratamiento adoptados por el grupo cultural por medio de la entrevista semi-estructurada. Los temas que emergieron fueron: la relación entre la alimentación y lo proceso salud-enfermedad, las relaciones con el sistema de salud oficial y el proceso salud-enfermedad y lo sobrenatural. Los dados revelaron que los moradores de la comunidad investigada tienen un modo particular de explicar sus procedimientos terapéuticos. Consideramos que es papel de los profesionales de la salud en sus prácticas, la adopción de abordajes o enfoques que consideren al individuo en su dimensión sócio-cultural e histórica, considerando la enorme diversidad cultural en nuestro país. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Cultura. Antropologia cultural...

Os sentidos da silicose atribuídos por trabalhadores de pedreiras adoecidos

“…In this situation, there is a guideline established in the social-cultural group that the situation requires intervention provided in the official health system, and the physician is the professional with the power to solve the problem. [5][6]12 The steps the participants had to take until a diagnosis was reached were characterized by "a lot of exams", repetition of exams, referrals from one health unit to another, from one city to another, which were certainly permeated by uncertainty, anguish and suffering imposed on both the patients and their families.…”

“…Based on this assumption, medical anthropology focuses on the ways different cultures and social groups explain the causes of their problems, types of treatments they trust in, biological, psychological and social changes occurring in human bodies, and the disease process through the construction of meanings. [4][5] Among the various assumptions of this theoretical framework, we base this study on the concept of an Explanatory Model (EM), 6 which enables the description of the cognitive process that orders and signifies the disease experience and adds folk conceptions to the medical model. The author conceptualizes healthcare systems linking different elements related to health and disease.…”

“…It is, however, important to keep in mind that the interpretation of meanings people attribute to a disease experience is the result of the various means through which they acquire their medical knowledge and that this knowledge varies The meanings of silicosis held by ill quarry workers from person to person because it originates from specific life situations. 5,7 The following elements are necessary to obtain an EM: when and how the symptoms appeared, the disease's etiology and its physiopathology, degree of severity, treatment provided and prognosis 6 from the perspective of the patient obtained through a methodological approach that enables close contact with patients so they can uncover meanings attributed to the disease.…”

Análise de informações sobre a doença de Chagas disponíveis em websites brasileiros na rede mundial de computadores (internet)

“…Conforme discutido por Uchoa e Vidal 29 e destacado recentemente por Kreutz et al 30 , a cultura e os conhecimentos das pessoas (muitas vezes adquiridos através da internet) são altamente influenciadores no sucesso ou insucesso das intervenções profiláticas e terapêuticas na área de saúde. A percepção do que é relevante e problemático, do que causa ou evita um problema, do tipo de ação que esse problema requer é, para os profissionais de saúde, determinada pelo corpo de conhecimentos biomédicos 29 .…”

Aspectos culturais das práticas dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde em áreas rurais

“…Indications for the exclusive use of biomedical practices can enhance relations of superiority between health professionals and users and, consequently, the distancing and blocking of intercultural dialogue (8) . After the emergence of the Unified Health System (SUS), a new approach of users, involving care humanization, is gradually occurring.…”