Os sentidos da silicose atribuídos por trabalhadores de pedreiras adoecidos

Abstract

This study's objective was to identify the meanings of silicosis held by ill quarry workers. It was based on medical anthropology and focal life history. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and by direct observation in the homes of eight patients with silicosis registered in the Epidemiologic Surveillance Service in Guapé -Minas Gerais, Brazil. The inductive thematic analysis technique was used to synthesize the thematic cores: explanations attributed to the disease, severity of the disease, and its consequences. According to the participants, the disease is permeated by suffering and changes in social identity, in the context of young men working with silica. These meanings allow occupational nurses to provide differentiated healthcare, to develop preventive actions and actions aimed to properly modify the workplace. Additionally, the results can help improve strategies for disease reporting and treatment adherence. DESCRIPTORS:Silicosis. Culture. Medical anthropology. Occupational health nursing. OS SENTIDOS DA SILICOSE ATRIBUÍDOS POR TRABALHADORES DE PEDREIRAS ADOECIDOSRESUMO: Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar os sentidos atribuídos à silicose entre trabalhadores de pedreiras adoecidos. Foi baseado na antropologia médica e na história de vida focal. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas e observações diretas realizadas no domicílio de oito portadores de silicose, cadastrados no Serviço de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Guapé -Minas Gerais. A técnica de análise temática indutiva foi usada para sintetizar os núcleos temáticos: a explicação para a doença, a sua gravidade e conseqüências. Por eles, consideramos que a doença é permeada pelo sofrimento e alteração da identidade social, contextualizada no trabalho de homens jovens com manuseio da sílica. Esses sentidos fornecem uma base com a qual o enfermeiro do trabalho pode prestar um cuidado diferenciado, desenvolver ações de prevenção aos riscos à saúde, de adequação do ambiente de trabalho, além do aperfeiçoamento das estratégias de notificação dos agravos e de adesão ao tratamento. DESCRITORES:Silicose. Cultura. Antropologia médica. Enfermagem do trabalho. LOS SENTIDOS DE LA SILICOSE ATRUBUIDOS POR TRABAJADORES DE CANTERAS ADOLECIDOS RESUMEN:Este estudio objetivó identificar la atribución de los sentidos de la silicosis por trabajadores de canteras, basándose en la antropología médica y en la historia de vida focal. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observaciones directas realizadas en el domicilio de ocho portadores de silicosis, registrados en el Servicio de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Guapé -Minas Gerais, Brasil. El análisis inductivo temático fue usado para sintetizar los núcleos temáticos: explicación para la enfermedad, gravedad de la enfermedad y sus consecuencias. Según los trabajadores, la enfermedad es permeada por el sufrimiento y alteración de la identidad social, contextualizada en el trabajo de hombres jóvenes que manosean la sílice. Los sentidos presentados permit...

Enfermeiro do trabalho na prevenção da silicose: uma revisão integrativa Occupational health nurse in the prevention of silicosis: an integrative review

“…Perhaps this fact demonstrates a greater concern of the researchers with this morbidity, since it is considered an irreversible occupational disease. 8 Regarding the objectives, the studies aim to know the silicosis, to estimate its prevalence, to outline the profile of the patients, to describe the main symptoms, to identify the associated risk factors and to evaluate the quality of life of the subjects affected by the disease.…”

“…Thus, this data demonstrates that this pathology is a serious public health problem, because the ideal should be the absence of illness caused by the conditions of the work environment. 8 Regarding the profile of silicosis carriers, there was also consensus among the studies. In general, they are male workers, with incomplete elementary education and who develop their activities in the informal sector.…”

“…Over time, the condition worsens, with mucopurulent and hemoptyotic expectoration, dyspnea, marked asthenia, weight loss and chronic respiratory failure. A survey of quarry workers diagnosed with pathology shows the report of two individuals describing the progression of the disease: " [...] 8,12 Silicosis was also observed as a risk factor for the development of tuberculosis and lung cancer. One study reports that the subject with silicosis is 40 times more likely to develop tuberculosis than non-carriers; however, even those people who do not have the disease but who are exposed to silica for a period of more than 10 years should undergo the tuberculin test.…”