Determinantes de las patentes y otras formas de propiedad intelectual de los estados mexicanos

Abstract

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar econométricamente los efectos de indicadores científicos e información tecnológica sobre las patentes, los modelos de utilidad y los diseños industriales. Las funciones de producción de conocimiento teórica y empírica de Griliches (1979) y Hausman et al. (1984), respectivamente, fueron la metodología usada como referencia. Panel para datos de conteo a nivel de entidad federativa fue el tratamiento econométrico empleado para estimar los determinantes de la propiedad intelectual. Los hallazgos revelaron que los estados mexicanos que dedican más esfuerzos a la ciencia y las búsquedas tecnológicas, son más propensos a producir propiedad intelectual.

Effects of the utilization of intellectual property by scientific researchers on economic growth in Mexico

“…This has been the case when best practices were followed in certain countries with advanced scientific and technological sectors [ 85 ]. According to the empirical evidence from Mexico, there is a positive relationship between the publication of scientific articles and the inventive activity embodied in patents [ 26 , 28 , 86 ].…”

“…Finally, other studies that examined IP activity in Mexico have used knowledge production functions from theoretical and empirical perspectives with specifications of count data, the standardized coefficient model and the estimator proposed by Driscoll and Craay. These analyses have generally found a positive relationship between SNI membership and patents [ 26 , 28 , 63 , 64 ]. However, to date no studies have examined the relationship between IP as utilized by SNI researchers, externalities in the innovation ecosystem, and economic growth in Mexico.…”

“…Notably, however, the number of applications lodged under these three IP frameworks is lower in Mexico in relation to higher income countries. This may be explained by the fact that in general, the objectives, undertaking, and results of scientific research projects conducted in Mexican public institutions do not respond to market needs, but rather are designed to generate social and cultural well-being [ 27 , 28 ].…”

“…According to Amigo [ 29 ], one reason that the patenting activity of SNI members is low is that the process of patent examination by the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (IMPI) takes approximately four years, while the review and publication of a scientific journal article typically occurs within one year. Similar to patents, the examination of applications for utility models and industrial designs may require up to four years [ 28 ]. Given the relatively long examination times for the prosecution of IP applications and the fact that evaluation within the SNI generally occurs every three to five years depending on a given scientist’s level of appointment, Mexican researchers may prefer to pursue scientific publications rather than patents, utility models, or industrial designs as research outputs.…”

El efecto de la innovación en el desarrollo y crecimiento de México: una aproximación usando las patentes

“…incorporación se debe a que los afiliados al Sistema, son el gremio que pertenece al sector de I+D y la evidencia empírica internacional y nacional han encontrado que existe una relación positiva con el crecimiento económico (Torun y Cicekci, 2007;Bayarcelik y Tasel, 2012;Marroquín y Ríos, 2012;Maradana et al, 2017). Sin embargo, se excluye del modelo las patentes porque están correlacionadas con el SNI y así lo han demostrado los trabajos en México (Furman et al, 2002;Malva y Carree, 2013;Calderón-Martínez, 2014;Cozza y Schettino, 2015;Almendarez-Hernández, 2018). Por ello, el modelo se expresa de la forma siguiente:…”