Fish eco-labeling is a market-based incentive program for sustainable fisheries. This paper examines consumers' acceptance of eco-labeled fish by using data from a pilot study conducted in a coastal area of northwestern Mexico. An ordered probit model was applied, using 364 observations. The results show that most respondents favor the idea of eco-labeled fish as a sustainable option and know that this is a costlier option. Income level, consumers' occupation and frequency of fish consumption are factors taken into account in the buying decision. Price was not a statistically significant factor affecting purchase decision. The study suggests that employed consumers with knowledge of labels may prioritize their demand for eco-labeled fish. Thus, providing a clear definition of sustainability that increases consumer awareness might be a promising strategy in developing the market for eco-labeled fish. The results and their implications could be employed as an element for future development of consumer policies related to fish sustainability.
One of the primary concerns of countries with high levels of biodiversity is the conservation of species and natural environments. This prioritization is based in part on a recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, understood as the various benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, which may be developed into goods and services that are transacted in markets. The Nagoya Protocol is an international agreement whose purpose is to provide a framework under which countries can support biodiversity conservation by regulating access to native genetic materials. Such materials may be of interest to companies, organizations, and institutions for commercial, non-commercial, or both purposes. Furthermore, genetic resources constitute important inputs in numerous industries, including those in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, botany and horticultural, agricultural, personal hygiene and cosmetics, and food and beverage sectors. The present study explores whether there is a relationship between biodiversity, the implementation of systems to protect natural areas and the quality of institutions, and the utilization of the Nagoya Protocol framework in individual countries. A Probit model was estimated to test these relationships, and a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was conducted to identify whether the aforementioned factors explain the execution of access and benefit sharing (ABS) agreements, as measured through the lodging of Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCC) in the Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House (ABSCH) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The findings indicated that biodiversity conservation policies, specifically the designation of protected natural areas, are important factors that might motivate actors in Nagoya Protocol member countries to utilize the protocol system. The CCA also revealed that the quality of institution factors such as the protection of property rights, the efficiency of legal frameworks for dispute resolution, investor protection, and a low government regulation burden. also help to explain the utilization of ABS agreements.
En este trabajo hacemos un análisis socioeconómico de la pesquería de calamar gigante en Guaymas, Sonora. Se generó una base de datos con información pesquera y se aplicó una encuesta a pescadores y a trabajadores de la industria del calamar para determinar sus principales características socioeconómicas. Los resultados muestran que esta pesquería ha tenido una participación importante en la estructura productiva del sector pesquero de la región; sin embargo, el repunte en las capturas de calamar gigante en los últimos años ha permitido el crecimiento de esta pesquería, pero no su desarrollo. El documento resalta la necesidad de orientar las políticas de manejo al aprovechamiento integral de este recurso.
The present article examines the impact of intellectual property (IP) utilization and concentration on economic growth in Mexico. The findings presented center on the use of different forms of IP by researchers in the National System of Researchers (SNI in Spanish) of Mexico. We focus especially on the externalities associated with the use of IP by researchers, as well as on understanding how knowledge about, and utilization of IP relates to economic growth, as measured by gross domestic product (GDP). The results of our analyses indicate that in the context of the Mexican SNI, the utilization of certain forms of IP, specifically patents and industrial designs, had a positive impact on economic growth, while the use of utility models was negatively linked to drivers of growth. Policies based on these results could seek to foster awareness and utilization of particular forms of IP by SNI researchers, which in turn could result in greater economic growth in Mexico.
The objective of this work was to estimate the local effects and spatial spillover effects of the number of vehicles, use of urban public transport, and population density on nitrogen oxide emissions for 405 metropolitan municipalities in Mexico in 2016. To this end, a Spatial Durbin Model was estimated. We found positive direct effects of the number of vehicles and population density and negative direct effects of the use of urban public transport. The number of vehicles in circulation had negative spillover effects on the nitrogen oxide emissions of neighboring municipalities. These results indicate that the design of public policy programs aimed at reducing air pollution in Mexico should be based on coordination across metropolitan municipalities.
The use of plants associated with traditional knowledge by pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agro-food, and biotechnology industries represents a potential source of benefits for indigenous groups and local communities within the access and benefit-sharing mechanisms established in the Nagoya Protocol. We used a consumer-choice experiment to evaluate consumer preferences concerning a cosmetic product with attributes related to the traditional knowledge of local plants (efficacy, price, and information). The results indicate that consumers experience higher wellness levels by consuming a cosmetic product with an information label associated with a plant of traditional use. A rise in consumer income increases the likelihood of consuming products with traditional-knowledge attributes. Higher prices are associated with a lower probability of purchase. The random coefficient reveals mixed preferences related to product efficacy level. This work shows the potential demand, by high-income consumers, of cosmetic products labeled with formulation information based on traditional knowledge associated with local plants growing in Protected Natural Areas of northwest Mexico.
Objetivo: valuar el nivel de sustentabilidad, con base en las percepciones turísticas de las partes interesadas del Parque Nacional Bahía de Loreto (PNLB) en México. Metodología: se seleccionaron indicadores y se organizaron en tres componentes: (1) gestión de destinos; (2) impacto social, económico y cultural; (3) impacto ambiental; y dos dimensiones: social y ambiental. Se aplicaron encuestas a empresas turísticas, residentes y visitantes. Se utilizaron tablas de contingencia para identificar la dependencia significativa entre indicadores. Resultados: un nivel de sustentabilidad aceptable. Los indicadores con menor valor fueron el conocimiento de los residentes sobre las AP, el beneficio que obtienen del turismo, así como su participación en actividades ambientales. Limitaciones: algunos de los indicadores empleados son específicos para el PNBL, por lo que deben adecuarse a cada AP. Conclusiones: las aportaciones del método y una serie de recomendaciones para incrementar el beneficio económico de los residentes y su participación en la gestión de las AP.
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