Detection of volatile organic compound vapors by using a vapochromic material on a tapered optical fiber

Bariain, Cándido; Matı́as, Ignacio R.; Romeo, Inocencio; Garrido, Julián; Laguna, Mariano

doi:10.1063/1.1316074

Cited by 72 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Analyte-sensitive species are entrapped into the silica gel that also provides a porous support matrix into which analyte molecules may diffuse and interact. Xero and aerogels have been incorporated in several sensor configurations that include monoliths, deposited films, end-coated and side-coated optical fibers [1,2]. The sensing of a chemical environment is achieved mainly in the surface by interactions of the sensor material with its chemical surroundings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Silica xerogels of tailored porosity as support matrix for optical chemical sensors. Simultaneous effect of pH, ethanol:TEOS and water:TEOS molar ratios, and synthesis temperature on gelation time, and textural and structural properties

Estella

Echeverría

Laguna

et al. 2007

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sol-gel process is widely used to obtain materials for optical chemical and biochemical sensors due to ease of fabrication and design flexibility [1]. Analyte-sensitive species are entrapped into the silica gel that also provides a porous support matrix into which analyte molecules may diffuse and interact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica xerogels of tailored porosity as support matrix for optical chemical sensors. Simultaneous effect of pH, ethanol:TEOS and water:TEOS molar ratios, and synthesis temperature on gelation time, and textural and structural properties

Estella

Echeverría

Laguna

et al. 2007

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…Refractive index sensing is important for biological and chemical applications since a number of substances can be detected through measurements of the refractive index. [2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13] For normal FBGs, removal of the fiber cladding is required to increase the evanescent field interaction with the surrounding environment. This concept has been demonstrated using D-shaped fiber and sidepolished fiber.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Liang

Huang

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

580

254

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We combine fiber Bragg grating ͑FBG͒ technology with a wet chemical etch-erosion procedure and demonstrate two types of refractive index sensors using single-mode optical fibers. The first index sensor device is an etch-eroded single FBG with a radius of 3 m, which is used to measure the indices of four different liquids. The second index sensor device is an etch-eroded fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer ͑FFPI͒ with a radius of ϳ1.5 m and is used to measure the refractive indices of isopropyl alcohol solutions of different concentrations. Due to its narrower resonance spectral feature, the FFPI sensor has a higher sensitivity than the FBG sensor and can detect an index variation of 1.4ϫ 10 −5 . Since we can measure the reflection signal, these two types of sensors can be fabricated at the end of a fiber and used as point sensors. Since the early 1990s, fiber Bragg grating ͑FBG͒ sensors have been intensively developed due to their many desirable advantages such as the small size, absolute measurement capability, immunity to electromagnetic interference, wavelength multiplexing, and distributed sensing possibilities. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus far, the FBG sensors' capability to measure physical quantities such as the temperature, strain, pressure, etc., has been studied extensively. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, the use of FBG sensors for detection of environmental refractive index change has not been fully explored. Refractive index sensing is important for biological and chemical applications since a number of substances can be detected through measurements of the refractive index. [2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13] For normal FBGs, removal of the fiber cladding is required to increase the evanescent field interaction with the surrounding environment. This concept has been demonstrated using D-shaped fiber and sidepolished fiber. 9,11,12 In both cases, the strength and durability of the sensor were greatly reduced. Special fiber was also needed, which would raise the costs and limit the possible applications. Long-period fiber gratings have also been demonstrated to have high sensitivity to the refractive index of the ambient media, 2,3,13-15 however, their multiple resonance peaks and broad ͑typically tens of nanometers͒ transmission resonance features limit the measurement accuracy and their multiplexing capabilities. 9 In addition, the relatively long length of the grating limits their application as point sensor devices.In this letter, we first demonstrate a single etch-eroded FBG sensor using standard single-mode telecommunication fiber ͑Corning SMF-28͒. Fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometers ͑FFPIs͒ have also been widely used as sensors. 2,3,16,17 Compared to a single FBG, the FFPI sensors possess narrower resonance peaks and are more desirable for high accuracy wavelength measurement. 2,3,9,18 To that end we propose and demonstrate an etch-eroded FFPI sensor formed by two FBGs. The FFPI sensor is used to measure the refractive index of isopropyl alcohol ͑IPA͒ solutions of different concentrations, exhibiting the capabi...

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“…These species (R-CϵC-S -) are known as important intermediates and can be used in further synthesis, for example, to prepare dendrimers [17,18] or tetrathiafulvalenes [19,20] and dithiole derivatives, [21,22] which are excellent starting materials to build more complicated coordination solids. These basic building blocks have interesting optoelectronic properties (conductivity, magnetism or porous solid behaviour [23] ) that can be transmitted to the coordination solid to generate attractive materials from a biological, industrial or environmental point of view. [24][25][26][27] Many methods have been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazoles, [28][29][30] of which the Hurd-Mori cyclisation of α-methylene ketones, firstly described in 1955, [30] is the most convenient methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bis(1,2,3‐thiadiazole)s as Precursors in the Synthesis of Bis(alkynethiolate)gold(I) Derivatives

2008

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The cleavage of bis(1,2,3‐thiadiazole)s in the presence of strong bases in situ gives bis(alkynethiolate)s, which provide bis(alkynethiolate)gold(I) derivatives with the general formula [Au2(S–C≡C–spacer–C≡C–S)L2] (L = monophosphanes; spacer = none, 1,4‐C6H4, 1,3‐C6H4, 2,7‐C15H12 and 3,5‐C7H7N). The dinuclear structure was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies of the complexes (PPN)2[Au2(S–C≡C–C≡C–S)(C6F5)2] and [Au2{3,5‐(S–C≡C)2–C7H7N}(PPh3)2] {PPN = bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium}. The use of diphosphanes gives complexes with higher nuclearity and cyclic structures.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)

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Detection of volatile organic compound vapors by using a vapochromic material on a tapered optical fiber

Cited by 72 publications

References 6 publications

Silica xerogels of tailored porosity as support matrix for optical chemical sensors. Simultaneous effect of pH, ethanol:TEOS and water:TEOS molar ratios, and synthesis temperature on gelation time, and textural and structural properties

Silica xerogels of tailored porosity as support matrix for optical chemical sensors. Simultaneous effect of pH, ethanol:TEOS and water:TEOS molar ratios, and synthesis temperature on gelation time, and textural and structural properties

Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors

Bis(1,2,3‐thiadiazole)s as Precursors in the Synthesis of Bis(alkynethiolate)gold(I) Derivatives

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