Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) in oral fluid of pigs

Biernacka, Kinga; Karbowiak, Paweł; Wróbel, Paweł; Charęza, Tomasz; Czopowicz, Michał; Balka, Gyula; Goodell, Christa; Rauh, Rolf; Stadejek, Tomasz

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.014

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, the OF platform relies on a pooled sample at pen-level from animals that may or may not interact individually with the sampling rope and may themselves be shedding pathogen, or have antibody titres, at differing levels thereby raising potential constraints related to sensitivity of the test. The availability of data on the wide scale use of OF testing to investigate PRDC, and the implications for these concerns, remains scarce and there are only a few studies investigating multiple PRDC pathogens on the same samples [14, 32, 33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of oral fluids to monitor key pathogens in porcine respiratory disease complex

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe usefulness of oral fluid (OF) sampling for surveillance of infections in pig populations is already accepted but its value as a tool to support investigations of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) has been less well studied. This study set out to describe detection patterns of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), swine influenza virus type A (SIV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) among farms showing differing severity of PRDC.The study included six wean-to-finish pig batches from farms with historical occurrence of respiratory disease. OF samples were collected from six pens every two weeks from the 5th to the 21st week of age and tested by real time PCR for presence of PRRSV, SIV and M. hyo and by quantitative real time PCR for PCV2. Data was evaluated alongside clinical and post-mortem observations, mortality rate, slaughter pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry testing data for PCV2 antigen where available.ResultsPRRSV and M. hyo were detectable in OF but with inconsistency between pens at the same sampling time and within pens over sequential sampling times. Detection of SIV in clinical and subclinical cases showed good consistency between pens at the same sampling time point with detection possible for periods of 2–4 weeks. Quantitative testing of OF for PCV2 indicated different patterns and levels of detection between farms unaffected or affected by porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). There was good correlation of PCR results for multiple samples collected from the same pen but no associations were found between prevalence of positive test results and pen location in the building or sex of pigs.ConclusionsDetection patterns for PRRSV, SIV and M. hyo supported the effectiveness of OF testing as an additional tool for diagnostic investigation of PRDC but emphasised the importance of sampling from multiple pens and on multiple occasions. Preliminary evidence supported the measurement of PCV2 load in pooled OF as a tool for prediction of clinical or subclinical PCVD at farm level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of oral fluids to monitor key pathogens in porcine respiratory disease complex

et al. 2017

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“…The molecular detection approaches followed by sequencing are largely used for the research focusing on the influenza virus epidemiology [73,78,82,87,94,128,146,150]. [5,37,43,45,46,61,74,88,137,157,171,176,188,191,199,207,215,[219][220][221]241,243,248,250,263,289,290,301,306,307,326,334] IAV, IDV, H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, A(H1N1)pdm09 [45,192,227,282,285,287,302,322] 8. Blood/ serum IDEXX Ab test, ELISA, HI assay, NI assay, VN assay, MN assay, western blot, virus isolation (MDCK cells) H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, A(H1...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first active IAV infection in swine in Poland was reported in 2010 when 21 oral fluid samples collected from three swine farms detected IAV [227]. Soon after, five avian-like H1N1 viruses were reported from the swine lung tissues during 2011-2013 [228].…”

Section: Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide

Chauhan

Gordon

2020

Pathogens

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The global anxiety and a significant threat to public health due to the current COVID-19 pandemic reiterate the need for active surveillance for the zoonotic virus diseases of pandemic potential. Influenza virus due to its wide host range and zoonotic potential poses such a significant threat to public health. Swine serve as a "mixing vessel" for influenza virus reassortment and evolution which as a result may facilitate the emergence of new strains or subtypes of zoonotic potential. In this context, the currently available scientific data hold a high significance to unravel influenza virus epidemiology and evolution. With this objective, the current systematic review summarizes the original research articles and case reports of all the four types of influenza viruses reported in swine populations worldwide. A total of 281 articles were found eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and hence were included in this systematic review. The highest number of research articles (n = 107) were reported from Asia, followed by Americas (n = 97), Europe (n = 55), Africa (n = 18),

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“…Nasal swabs and udder skin wipes were processed in individual tubes with 2 mL of DMEM-Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium Gibco ™ supplemented with antibiotics and antimycotics for viral RNA extraction using the magnetic particle processor procedure (Ambion ® MagMAX ™ AM1835, Viral RNA Isolation Kit; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and tested by rRT-PCR to detect the IAV matrix gene [18]. For PRRSV, viral RNA was extracted from serum and samples collected from the sow's udder skin using a commercial RNA isolation kit (QIAamp Viral RNA Mini-Kit, Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA, USA) and tested by rRT-PCR to detect the ORF5 gene [19,20]. IAV and PRRSV rRT-PCR results with cycle threshold (ct) value ≤ 35 were considered positive, ct > 35 and ≤ 40 suspect, and ct > 40 negative.…”

Section: Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of influenza A virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using a novel nurse sow model: a proof of concept

Garrido-Mantilla

Culhane

Torremorell

2020

Vet Res

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The mechanisms of transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs during the pre-weaning period are not fully elucidated. Since viable IAV and PRRSV can be found on the udder skin of lactating sows and the use of nurse sows is a common management practice, we developed a novel nurse sow model to evaluate the transmission of IAV and PRRSV from lactating sows to their adopted piglets. In two studies, we infected pigs with either IAV or PRRSV who then contaminated the udder skin of lactating dams with their nasal and oral secretions while suckling. Once the skin was confirmed virus positive for IAV and PRRSV, the sows were moved to separate empty clean rooms to adopt IAV and PRRSV negative suckling piglets. After adoption,

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Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) in oral fluid of pigs

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

The use of oral fluids to monitor key pathogens in porcine respiratory disease complex

The use of oral fluids to monitor key pathogens in porcine respiratory disease complex

A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide

Transmission of influenza A virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using a novel nurse sow model: a proof of concept

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