Detection of motor imagery of swallow EEG signals based on the dual-tree complex wavelet transform and adaptive model selection

Abstract

These results and the subjectwise strong correlations in classification accuracies between MI-SW and MI-Ton demonstrated the feasibility of detecting MI-SW from MI-Ton models.

Motor imagery and swallowing: a systematic literature review

“…Considering the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, 4 articles were selected for this systematic review 6,[21][22][23] . The flowchart, which shows on detail, this process, follows the model of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) For a better presentation of the results, the following variables of the selected articles were considered: author (year); country (sector); objective; subject; age; Inclusion criteria; Exclusion criteria; pathology (time, area, and side of brain injury); functional assessments; technique (imaging); strategy (motor imagery); major brain areas investigated; and results (Figures 2 and 3).…”

“…The use of motor imagery rehabilitation of swallowing shows to be a recent proposal, since the four selected articles are between the years 2014 and 2015 6,[21][22][23] . The literature clearly indicates the efficacy of MI as an adjuvant in motor rehabilitation of the upper limb in individuals with some neurological disorder [25][26][27] .…”

“…In the cortex, swallowing can be represented in the areas of the insula, the premotor cortex and the sensorimotor cortex 5 . This is a complex function, integrating numerous systems: sensory (tactile, olfactory, gustatory and proprioceptive); motor (oral-pharyngeal motor coordination, integration between the components of mastication and breath; tone, range of motion, muscular strength) as well as cognitive components 6 . The inability or difficulty to swallow can be commonly detected in patients with neurological disorders 4 and requires motor trainings to favor functional recovery 6 .…”

“…This is a complex function, integrating numerous systems: sensory (tactile, olfactory, gustatory and proprioceptive); motor (oral-pharyngeal motor coordination, integration between the components of mastication and breath; tone, range of motion, muscular strength) as well as cognitive components 6 . The inability or difficulty to swallow can be commonly detected in patients with neurological disorders 4 and requires motor trainings to favor functional recovery 6 . In recent years have intensified research with innovative techniques, and conventional approaches, particularly in the field of neurological disorders 7,8 , highlighting the motor imagery (MI).…”

“…Study on the plasticity of the central nervous system after ischemic or mechanical injury discloses that neurological recovery in dysphagia is disrupted from the recruitment of adjacent neurons to the injured brain area, as well as through the activation of distant areas of primary focus with neuronal organization and alignment ipsi-and contralateral 18 , since the cortical representation of the normal swallowing is bilateral 19 . Thus, the literature indicates that the shared brain activation by areas of swallowing and speaking elevation suggest the possibility of using the motor imagery of the tongue protrusion movement as a means of practicing the motor imagery swallowing, revealing even that the input sensory language and swallowing are similar 6 . In this way, the MI of the swallowing is based on the principles of neuroplasticity, considering also the oral phase of swallowing, in which the position of the alimentary bolus in the tongue occurs and the ejection of the bolus into the pharynx voluntarily, in a coordinated sequence of muscular contractions 2 .…”