Detection of free and bound microcystins in tilapia fish from Egyptian fishpond farms and its related public health risk assessment

Mohamed, Zainal Abidin; Ahmed, Zeinab; Bakr, Asmaa; Hashem, Mohamed; Alamri, Saad

doi:10.1007/s00003-019-01254-0

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We found detectable levels of MCs in the Kwaru stream with concentrations peaking at the end of the dry season, which is in line with generally reported changes in water quality, weather and cyanotoxins content in Northern Nigeria (Chia et al 2009;Chia and Kwaghe 2015). Speci cally, these changes could be attributed to increased daytime temperatures, reduced water levels, increased nutrients and solar irradiation, favouring the proliferation of cyanobacteria and the production of cyanotoxins like microcystins (Mohamed et al 2020…”

Section: Microcystins Concentration In Stream Watersupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of microcystins in surface water and irrigated vegetables in Kwaru stream, Hayin Danmani, Kaduna-Nigeria

Abdullahi

Tanimu

Akinyemi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxic secondary metabolites produced by several genera of cyanobacteria. Human exposure routes include drinking contaminated water and consuming contaminated fish, vegetables, crops, and even food supplements that contain cyanotoxin. This study investigated the presence of MCs in a stream with a long history of use as a source of water for irrigation farming. To establish the risk of lack of monitoring programs, we studied MCs contamination of irrigated vegetables. Toxin levels in the water were generally <0.05 µg L-1 in all the investigated stations. Total microcystin concentrations in spinach (0.306 µg Kg-1 upstream and 0.217 µg Kg-1 downstream), lettuce (0.085 µg Kg-1 upstream and 0.462 µg Kg-1 downstream), carrot (0.050 µg Kg-1 downstream and 0.116 µg Kg-1 downstream), cabbage (0.014 µg Kg-1 upstream and 0.031 µg Kg-1 downstream), tomatoes (0.233 µg Kg-1 upstream) and bitter leaf (0.460 µg Kg-1 upstream and 0.050 µg Kg-1 downstream) collected in March were higher than the levels detected in samples of the same vegetables collected in April. These results highlight Nigeria's severe public health problem, especially in regions with long dry season spells. The level of MCs contamination of irrigated vegetables implies a potential for chronic exposure and associated health challenges.

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Section: Microcystins Concentration In Stream Watersupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of microcystins in surface water and irrigated vegetables in Kwaru stream, Hayin Danmani, Kaduna-Nigeria

Abdullahi

Tanimu

Akinyemi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…MCs mainly accumulate in the liver of the exposed fish and other aquatic organisms [18,19,50], which does not represent a real concern for humans since these parts are usually non-edible [16]. MCs can also accumulate in other organs [6], and they can even be transferred into the offspring in some invertebrates [51].…”

Section: Common Cyanotoxins: Classification Accumulation and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study analyzed MCs in O. niloticus from fish ponds with blooms located in the southern part of Egypt and found that MCs concentrations in muscles were several times above the equivalent of the provisional TDI, however, the number of samples was not mentioned [52]. The only study considering the bound or modified MCs was recently published, which indicated a very high level of exposure to humans, as the concentrations of bound MCs were thousands of times higher than those of free MCs [50]. The study also highlighted the high resistance of the investigated fish species, O. niloticus, as no mortalities were observed according to the authors.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Cyanotoxins In Seafood From the Developing Countries Of Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Abdallah

Hassel

Andjelković

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Cyanotoxins have gained global public interest due to their potential to bioaccumulate in food, which threatens human health. Bloom formation is usually enhanced under Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates which are the dominant climate types in developing countries. In this context, we present an up-to-date overview of cyanotoxins (types, toxic effects, analysis, occurrence, and mitigation) with a special focus on their contamination in (sea)food from all the developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as this has received less attention. A total of 65 publications have been found (from 2000 until October 2021) reporting the contamination by one or more cyanotoxins in seafood and edible plants (five papers). Only Brazil and China conducted more research on cyanotoxin contamination in food in comparison to other countries. The majority of research focused on the detection of microcystins using different analytical methods. The detected levels mostly surpassed the provisional tolerable daily intake limit set by the World Health Organization, indicating a real risk to the exposed population. Assessment of cyanotoxin contamination in foods from developing countries still requires further investigations by conducting more survey studies, especially the simultaneous detection of multiple categories of cyanotoxins in food.

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“…Moreover MCs were transferred along the food chain and intoxicated other organisms [57]. In Egypt, MCs (free and bound forms) monitored in tilapia fish from three tropical fishponds containing high concentrations of MCs were observed in the tilapia fish intestines, livers and edible tissues, and it was estimated to impose significant negative health consequences on human and other organisms when consumed [59]. A similar investigation was carried out by Greer et al [60] from aquaculture farms in Southeast Asia and reported the presence of high MCs concentration in the liver and muscle tissue of tilapia fish, which represented a health risk when consumed.…”

Section: Toxicity and Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation

Massey

Yang

2020

Toxins

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Microcystins (MCs) classified as hepatotoxic and carcinogenic are the most commonly reported cyanobacterial toxins found in the environment. Microcystis sp. possessing a series of MC synthesis genes (mcyA-mcyJ) are well documented for their excessive abundance, numerous bloom occurrences and MC producing capacity. About 246 variants of MC which exert severe animal and human health hazards through the inhibition of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) have been characterized. To minimize and prevent MC health consequences, the World Health Organization proposed 1 µg/L MC guidelines for safe drinking water quality. Further the utilization of bacteria that represent a promising biological treatment approach to degrade and remove MC from water bodies without harming the environment has gained global attention. Thus the present review described toxic effects and bacterial degradation of MCs.

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Detection of free and bound microcystins in tilapia fish from Egyptian fishpond farms and its related public health risk assessment

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Assessment of microcystins in surface water and irrigated vegetables in Kwaru stream, Hayin Danmani, Kaduna-Nigeria

Assessment of microcystins in surface water and irrigated vegetables in Kwaru stream, Hayin Danmani, Kaduna-Nigeria

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation

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