Detection of foodborne pathogens using bioconjugated nanomaterials

Abstract

This review focuses on applying nanotechnology to foodborne pathogen detection. Because of low infectious doses for most foodborne pathogens, the rapid and sensitive detection methods are essential to ensure the food safety. The advances in the development of nanomaterials have stimulated worldwide research interests in their applications for bioanalysis. The conjugation of biomolecules with nanomaterials is the foundation of nano-biorecognition. A variety of strategies including antibody-antigen, adhesin-receptor, antibiotic, and complementary DNA sequence recognitions have been explored for specific recognition between target bacterial cells and bio-functionalized nanomaterials. The incorporation of these bio-functionalized nanomaterials into current pathogen detection methods has led to rapid and nearly real-time pathogen detection (as short as a few minutes), improved sensitivity (single bacterial cell), and simultaneous detection of multiple micro-organisms from either nutrient broth, liquid or solid food products, or biofilms. The unique properties of nanomaterials in physical strength, chemical reactivity, electrical conductance, magnetism and optical effects make them promising in the development of practical biosensors with emphasis on device portability and simplicity in sample preparation, and the improvement of current pathogen detection methods.

Recent developments in rapid multiplexed bioanalytical methods for foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection

“…Their implementation in bioanalytical assays enhanced assay performance, opened new possibilities for devices miniaturization and allowed the development of entirely new assay formats. In particular, nanomaterials have generated great expectations with respect to increasing assay detectability and selectivity and reducing assay times [72][73][74][75][76] and to enhance analytical performance in a variety of analytical applications, such as microfluidic platforms [77], electrochemical [78], optical [79], and microgravimetry [80] biosensors, thus potentially providing significant advancements for multipathogen detection.…”

Multivalent glycoconjugates in medicinal chemistry

“…93 Nanoparticles (NPs) have many applications in clinical medicine as drug carriers 94,95 or biosensors. 96 Among NPs, gold and magnetic NPs are promising tools for medical imaging, diagnosis and therapy. [97][98][99] Carbohydrate coating confers favorable properties to metallic nanostructures for biomedical applications such as stability and solubility in biological media, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and improved specificity.…”

Immunoassay based on carbon nanotubes-enhanced ELISA for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in particular, have become one of the most promising nanomaterials to be used in biodiagnostic applications (Katz and Willner, 2004;Lin et al, 2009;Lynama et al, 2009;Veetil and Ye, 2007;Yang et al, 2008aYang et al, , 2007. Unlike other nanomaterials, CNTs have a large surface area to volume ratio which makes them an ideal candidate for immobilization applications.…”

“…Alternatively, the pathogen detection sensitivity could be improved through the use of nanomaterials as described elsewhere (Yang et al, 2008a). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in particular, have become one of the most promising nanomaterials to be used in biodiagnostic applications (Katz and Willner, 2004;Lin et al, 2009;Lynama et al, 2009;Veetil and Ye, 2007;Yang et al, 2008aYang et al, , 2007.…”