Detection of brucellosis and leptospirosis in feral pigs in <scp>N</scp>ew <scp>S</scp>outh <scp>W</scp>ales

Ridoutt, C; Lee, A; Moloney, Barbara; Massey, Peter; Charman, N; Jordan, David

doi:10.1111/avj.12203

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…From the year 1991 to 2012, there was an annual average of 34 notifications of human brucellosis in Australia [30]. Australia is not considered endemic for human brucellosis, but the persistence of sporadic reports of the infection implies that it may be endemic in the animal population or the disease persists as a result of movement of people from endemic countries to Australia or vice versa and the consumption of infected products.…”

Section: Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory. The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.

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Section: Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucellosis caused by B. suis has been detected in New South Wales from feral pigs during 2012 to 2013 with a prevalence of 3% [30]. Brucellosis has been reported in camel rearing countries around the world except Australia and is more common in Old World Camels than New World Camels which seldom come down with brucellosis [54].…”

Section: Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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“…Antibody evaluation of wild boar in Germany and the Czech Republic found 22% and 8.7% of animals to be seropositive for Brucella spp., respectively (al Dahouk et al., ; Hubalek et al., ). Sampling of feral swine in New South Wales, Australia, found 2.9% of animals was seropositive for Brucella spp., and positive samples were unevenly distributed across the sampling regions with all positives coming from northern New South Wales (Ridoutt et al., ). Finally, antibodies against Brucella spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling of feral swine in New South Wales, Australia, in 1995 and 2012‐2013 detected antibodies against Leptospira spp. in 20% and 56% of animals, respectively (Mason et al., ; Ridoutt et al., ). Feral swine sampling in Guam detected 23% seropositivity for Leptospira spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic pathogens from feral swine that pose a significant threat to public health

Brown

Bowen

Bosco‐Lauth

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The natural fecundity of suids, great ability to adapt to new habitats and desire for local hunting opportunities leading to translocation of feral pigs to regions where they are not yet established have all been instrumental in the home range expansion of feral swine. Feral swine populations in the United States continue to expand, wreaking havoc on agricultural lands, further compromising threatened and endangered species, and posing a microbiological threat to humans, domestic livestock and companion animals. This manuscript thoroughly reviews zoonotic diseases of concern including brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, leptospirosis, enteric pathogens, both Salmonella spp. and shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and hepatitis E. These pathogens are not a comprehensive list of microbes that are capable of infecting both humans and feral swine, but rather have been selected as they are known to infect US feral swine, direct transmission between wild suids and humans has previously been documented, or they have been shown to be readily transmitted during processing or consumption of feral swine pork. Humans that interact directly or indirectly with feral swine are at much higher risk for the development of a number of zoonotic pathogens. Numerous case reports document transmission events from feral swine and wild boar to humans, and the resulting diseases may be mild and self-limiting, chronic or fatal. Individuals that interact with feral swine should take preventative measures to minimize the risk of disease transmission and all meat should be thoroughly cooked. Additionally, public health campaigns to increase knowledge of the risks associated with feral swine are imperative.

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“…Research suggested that B. suis infection in feral pigs was limited to Queensland (Mason and Fleming, 1999). However, recently it was detected in feral pigs from NSW with an overall seroprevalence of 2.9% (Ridoutt et al, 2014). There has not been any recorded detection of B. suis among the Australian domestic pig population.…”

Section: Brucella Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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Established wildlife populations within peri-urban and urban environments provide an opportunity for the spread of zoonotic pathogens to and from human-associated environments. Wild dogs, including dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and their cross breeds (hybrids) are common across the Australian mainland, and hybrid populations are particularly frequent within peri-urban environments. Previous studies have shown that wild dogs carry zoonotic pathogens of public health significance, however, data relating to peri-urban wild dogs has been limited to a few studies with a small geographical range and / or small sample size.To address the potential public health implications of peri-urban wild dogs, information regarding pathogen diversity, prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution are required.To investigate the diversity and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs, a cross sectional survey was undertaken. Utilising council management programs and private trappers, 201 wild dogs were collected for necropsy. Analysis of faecal and blood samples indicated that helminth parasites were common, detected within 79.6  5.4 % of wild dogs tested, however bacterial pathogens were much less prevalent. Echinococcus granulosus was the most prevalent parasite detected by necropsy, (prevalence 50.7  6.9 %). Hookworms were found to comprise the second most common pathogen of zoonotic significance with an overall prevalence of 28.8% ( 7.1%).Molecular characterisation identified the majority as Ancylostoma caninum. Several pathogens of zoonotic interest were not detected during the study, namely Brucella suis and Neospora caninum.This study provided essential baseline data on the prevalence of pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dog populations in north-eastern Australia, which is required to inform the management of wild dogs in peri-urban areas.Characteristics of the most prevalent parasitic pathogens and their lifecycles suggested possible associations between the diet composition of wild dogs and their infection status. Whole stomachs were collected during necropsy and analysed for dietary composition and biomass. The majority of food items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly: swamp wallaby (20.6  6.08%); canine species (prey) (10.6  4.62%); eastern grey kangaroo (10.0  4.51 %); and deer species (10.0  4.51%). Wild dogs that consumed swamp wallaby (OR 1.79, p<0.05) or unidentified species of macropods (OR 4.18, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with E. granulosus than dogs who had consumed non-macropod species. Wild dogs that had consumed various bird (OR 7.80, p<0.01) or bandicoot species (OR 3.09, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with hookworm compared to dogs that had consumed ii macropods. These findings suggest that diet composition is an important contributing factor to the infection status of wild dogs.To explore the geographical distribution of pathogens a...

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Detection of brucellosis and leptospirosis in feral pigs in New South Wales

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Zoonotic pathogens from feral swine that pose a significant threat to public health

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

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