Detection of 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol in the hair of drug abusers by LC–MS/MS analysis

Cho, Han Soo; Cho, Byungseok; Sim, Juhyun; Baeck, Seung Kyung; In, Sangwhan; Kim, Eun‐Mi

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.013

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…3Representative chromatograms of THC-COOH and THC-COOH-d3 in an authentic hair sample of MRM ( a ), and MS3 ( b ) modes(reproduced with permission from Elsevier, Ref. [122])…”

Section: Hair Analysis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bioanalytical techniques for evaluation of cannabis (Marijuana, weed, Hashish) in human hair

et al. 2019

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Cannabis products (marijuana, weed, hashish) are among the most widely abused psychoactive drugs in the world, due to their euphorigenic and anxiolytic properties. Recently, hair analysis is of great interest in analytical, clinical, and forensic sciences due to its non-invasiveness, negligible risk of infection and tampering, facile storage, and a wider window of detection. Hair analysis is now widely accepted as evidence in courts around the world. Hair analysis is very feasible to complement saliva, blood tests, and urinalysis. In this review, we have focused on state of the art in hair analysis of cannabis with particular attention to hair sample preparation for cannabis analysis involving pulverization, extraction and screening techniques followed by confirmatory tests (e.g., GC–MS and LC–MS/MS). We have reviewed the literature for the past 10 years’ period with special emphasis on cannabis quantification using mass spectrometry. The pros and cons of all the published methods have also been discussed along with the prospective future of cannabis analysis.

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“…3Representative chromatograms of THC-COOH and THC-COOH-d3 in an authentic hair sample of MRM ( a ), and MS3 ( b ) modes(reproduced with permission from Elsevier, Ref. [122])…”

Section: Hair Analysis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bioanalytical techniques for evaluation of cannabis (Marijuana, weed, Hashish) in human hair

et al. 2019

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“…Kuwayama et al used a micro‐pulverized extraction pretreatment method on hair samples to reduce the matrix amount and successfully detected THC‐COOH at 0.2 pg/mg hair using LC–MS/MS 18 . An approach based on an automated pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) clean‐up for sample preparation before detection via HPLC‐high resolution MS/MS (HRMS/MS) was described by Montesano et al 19 Cho et al applied LC–MS instrumental analysis improvement by using their previously introduced column switching system with three columns (precolumn, trap column, and analytical column) in combination with MS 3 analysis to reduce the matrix interferences and reach 0.1 pg/mg hair as the LOQ 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 An approach based on an automated pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up for sample preparation before detection via HPLC-high resolution MS/MS (HRMS/MS) was described by Montesano et al 19 Cho et al applied LC-MS instrumental analysis improvement by using their previously introduced column switching system with three columns (precolumn, trap column, and analytical column) in combination with MS 3 analysis to reduce the matrix interferences and reach 0.1 pg/mg hair as the LOQ. 20 The aim of this work was to establish a fast, simplified, and nonlaborious LC-MS routine method for sensitive and quantitative determination of THC-COOH and 11-OH-THC in hair samples. An appropriate combination of hair processing and instrumental analysis is crucial for detection of trace amounts of THC-COOH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and highly sensitive determination of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolites in hair using liquid chromatography‐multistage mass spectrometry (LC–MS³)

Hehet

Franz²,

Kunert

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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In hair analysis, identification of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), one of the major endogenously formed metabolites of the psychoactive cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is considered unambiguous proof of cannabis consumption. Due to the complex hair matrix and low target concentrations of THC-COOH in hair, this kind of investigation represents a great analytical challenge. The aim of this work was to establish a fast, simple, and reliable LC-MS 3 routine method for sensitive detection of THC-COOH in hair samples. Furthermore, the LC-MS 3 method developed also included the detection of derivatized 11-hydroxy-Δ 9 -THC (11-OH-THC) as an additional marker of cannabis use. Hair sample preparation prior to detection of the two THC metabolites was based on digestion of the hair matrix under alkaline conditions followed by an optimized liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedure. Sample preparation by LLE proved to be more suitable than solid-phase extraction (SPE) due to less laborious and time-consuming steps while still yielding satisfactory results. A significant improvement in analytical detection was introduced by multistage fragmentation (MS 3 ), which led to enhanced sensitivity and selectivity and thus low limits of quantification (0.1 pg/mg hair). The MS 3 method included two transitions for THC-COOH (m/z 343 ! 299 ! 245 and m/z 343 ! 299 ! 191) encompassing the quantifier (m/z 245) and the qualifier ion (m/z 191). The method was fully validated, and successful application to authentic toxicology case samples was demonstrated by the analysis of more than 2000 hair samples from cannabis users with THC-COOH concentrations determined ranging from 0.1 to >15 pg/ mg hair.

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“…Most drugs target biomolecules such as DNA, RNA or proteins. DNA‐drug interaction can be assessed with a wide range of analytical techniques, e.g., UV‐Vis Spectroscopy [1], Fluorescence Spectroscopy [2], Mass Spectrometry (MS) [3], Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) [4], Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) [5], Gel Electrophoresis [6], Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy (CDS) [7], Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) [8], Molecular Modeling [9], thermodynamic methods [10], and electrochemical methods [11]. Each technique has both advantages and disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Molecule: 1‐(2,6 Dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridinium Chloride and its Interaction with DNA

et al. 2021

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Herein, a novel pyridine derivative, 1‐(2,6 dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)‐pyridinium chloride (DHPC), was synthesized as a candidate drug molecule. Interaction of DHPC with DNA was used to explore its effect on DNA via Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. We demonstrated that oxidation signal of guanine bases of DNA decreased significantly while that of DHPC increased after its interaction with one another. Our candidate drug molecule exhibits LOD and LOQ, e.g., 1.5 μg/mL and 4.9 μg/mL, respectively. Toxicity effect value for DHPC (S%) was calculated as %31, demonstrating the candidate drug molecule's toxic effect on DNA.

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Detection of 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol in the hair of drug abusers by LC–MS/MS analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

A review of bioanalytical techniques for evaluation of cannabis (Marijuana, weed, Hashish) in human hair

A review of bioanalytical techniques for evaluation of cannabis (Marijuana, weed, Hashish) in human hair

Fast and highly sensitive determination of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolites in hair using liquid chromatography‐multistage mass spectrometry (LC–MS³)

A Novel Molecule: 1‐(2,6 Dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridinium Chloride and its Interaction with DNA

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Detection of 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol in the hair of drug abusers by LC–MS/MS analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

A review of bioanalytical techniques for evaluation of cannabis (Marijuana, weed, Hashish) in human hair

A review of bioanalytical techniques for evaluation of cannabis (Marijuana, weed, Hashish) in human hair

Fast and highly sensitive determination of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolites in hair using liquid chromatography‐multistage mass spectrometry (LC–MS3)

A Novel Molecule: 1‐(2,6 Dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridinium Chloride and its Interaction with DNA

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Fast and highly sensitive determination of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolites in hair using liquid chromatography‐multistage mass spectrometry (LC–MS³)