Detection Methods for Laboratory Diagnosis of Diphtheria

Berger, Anja; Hogardt, Michael; Konrad, Regina; Sing, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7624-1_9

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…C. rouxii conforms biochemically to the description of C. diphtheriae strains belonging to biovar Belfantii (2, 21), except that strains are negative for maltose fermentation (API coryne), being nearly negative or weakly positive with the Rosco Diagnostica test. Key characteristics that distinguish C. rouxii from other members of the C. diphtheriae complex are specific MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers as described herein.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Description ofCorynebacterium rouxiisp. nov., a novel member of thediphtheriaespecies complex

Badell

Hennart

Rodrigues

et al. 2019

Preprint

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A group of six clinical isolates previously identified as Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar Belfanti, isolated from human cutaneous or peritoneum infections and from one dog, were characterized by genomic sequencing, biochemical analysis and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The six isolates were negative for the diphtheria toxin gene. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the six isolates (including FRC0190T) are clearly demarcated from C. diphtheriae, C. belfantii, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. The average nucleotide identity of FRC0190T with C. diphtheriae NCTC 11397T was 92.6%, and was 91.8% with C. belfantii FRC0043T. C. diphtheriae subsp. lausannense strain CHUV2995T appeared to be a later heterotypic synonym of C. belfantii (ANI, 99.3%). Phenotyping data revealed an atypical negative or heterogeneous intermediate maltose fermentation reaction for the six isolates. MALDI-TOF MS differentiated the new group from the other Corynebacterium taxa by the presence of specific spectral peaks. rpoB sequences showed identity to atypical, maltose-negative C. diphtheriae biovar Belfanti isolates previously described from two cats in the USA. We propose the name Corynebacterium rouxii sp. nov. for the novel group, with FRC0190T (= CIP 111752T = DSM 110354T) as type strain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Description ofCorynebacterium rouxiisp. nov., a novel member of thediphtheriaespecies complex

Badell

Hennart

Rodrigues

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…; Berger et al . ). Biotyping of C. diphtheriae is essential for the epidemiological assessment and was performed by biochemical test or commercially available API CORYNE strips (BioMérieux, Marcy‐l'Étoile, France).…”

Section: Culture and Biochemical Identificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strengthening the laboratory diagnosis of pathogenicCorynebacteriumspecies in the Vaccine era

Sekar

Veeraraghavan

Anandan

et al. 2017

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Over the last three decades, successful implementation of the diphtheria vaccination in the developed and developing countries has reduced the infections caused by the toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but a concomitant increase in the invasive infections due to the nontoxigenic strains was seen. In addition, the recent reports on the emergence of nontoxigenic toxin gene-bearing strains, having the potential to revert back to toxigenic form poses a significant threat to human beings. Besides infections caused by C. diphtheriae, the emergence of the respiratory, cutaneous and invasive infections by related pathogenic Corynebacterium species like C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis, complicate the diagnosis and management of infection. These observations together with the widespread prevalence of diphtheria in the vaccine era, necessitates the strengthening of the epidemiological surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of the pathogen. This review provides the overview of the advantages and limitations of different molecular methods and the role of MALDI-TOF in the laboratory diagnosis of Diphtheria. The contribution of next generation sequencing technology and different genotyping techniques in understanding the pathogenicity, transmission dynamics and epidemiology of the C. diphtheriae is discussed.

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“…With this approach, mass spectra of tested organisms are compared to reference spectra in the databases to find the closest match. Before the introduction of proteomics, detection methods for the diagnosis of diphtheria and identification of potentially toxigenic corynebacteria were traditionally relying on a combination of basic species identification, biochemical differentiation approaches and molecular differentiation methods [ 75 , 76 ]. The criteria monitored included growth on selective media, colony color and form, hemolytic properties and a set of biochemical reactions (API Coryne) combined with fatty acid profile analysis and 16SrDNA sequencing as the gold standard.…”

Section: Proteomics As a Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of Toxigenic Corynebacteria

Burkovski

2023

Proteomes

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Within the genus Corynebacterium, six species are potential carriers of the tox gene, which encodes the highly potent diphtheria exotoxin: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium belfantii, Corynebacterium rouxii, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium silvaticum. Based on their potential to infect different host species and cause either human infections, zoonotic diseases or infections of economically important animals, these bacteria are of high scientific and economic interest and different research groups have carried out proteome analyses. These showed that especially the combination of MS-based proteomics with bioinformatic tools helped significantly to elucidate the functional aspects of corynebacterial genomes and to handle the genome and proteome complexity. The combination of proteomic and bioinformatic approaches was also used to discover new vaccine and drug targets. In addition, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been established as a fast and precise tool for the identification of these bacteria.

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Detection Methods for Laboratory Diagnosis of Diphtheria

Cited by 14 publications

References 128 publications

Description ofCorynebacterium rouxiisp. nov., a novel member of thediphtheriaespecies complex

Description ofCorynebacterium rouxiisp. nov., a novel member of thediphtheriaespecies complex

Strengthening the laboratory diagnosis of pathogenicCorynebacteriumspecies in the Vaccine era

Proteomics of Toxigenic Corynebacteria

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