Detection and sequencing of measles virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with inflammation bowel disease

Kawashima, Hisashi; Mōri, Takayuki; Kashiwagi, Yasuyo; Takekuma, Kouji; Hoshika, Akinori; Schepelmann, Silke; Pounder, RE; Walker-Smith, J A; Wakefield, AJ

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)81560-6

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Although they themselves have published negative findings in relation to this link using RT/PCR [159], they considered that the ultimate sensitivity and positive proof were given in a paper by the Kawashima group [160]. A recent collaborative study indicated that the sensitivity of the methods employed in the Kawashima laboratory was low, leading to the suggestion that the previous results were either false positives or due to cross-contamination [161].…”

Section: Inflammatory Bowel Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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Morbilliviruses are a group of viruses that belong to the family Paramyxoviridae. The most instantly recognizable member is measles virus (MV) and individuals acutely infected with the virus exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from a characteristic mild selflimiting infection to death. Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rinderpest virus (RPV) cause a similar but distinctive pathology in dogs and cattle, respectively, and these, alongside experimental MV infection of primates, have been useful models for MV pathogenesis. Traditionally, viruses were identified because a distinctive disease was observed in man or animals; an infectious agent was subsequently isolated, cultured, and this could be used to recapitulate the disease in an experimentally infected host. Thus, satisfying Koch's postulates has been the norm. More recently, particularly due to the advent of exceedingly sensitive molecular biological assays, many researchers have looked for infectious agents in disease conditions for which a viral aetiology has not been previously established. For these cases, the modified Koch's postulates of Bradford Hill have been developed as criteria to link a virus to a specific disease. Only in a few cases have these conditions been fulfilled. Therefore, many viruses have over the years been definitely and tentatively linked to human diseases and in this respect the morbilliviruses are no different. In this review, human diseases associated with morbillivirus infection have been grouped into three broad categories: (1) those which are definitely caused by the infection; (2) those which may be exacerbated or facilitated by an infection; and (3) those which currently have limited, weak, unsubstantiated or no credible scientific evidence to support any link to a morbillivirus. Thus, an attempt has been made to clarify the published data and separate human diseases actually linked to morbilliviruses from those that are merely anecdotally associated.

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Section: Inflammatory Bowel Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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“…Moreover, an investigation by D'Souza et al using a larger sample size than Wakefield and his colleagues' original study [9], failed to reveal persistence of measles virus RNA in the peripheral blood of children with ASDs [55]. Two additional studies reported no detectable measles virus genome sequence in the blood of autistic children who had received MMR vaccination [56,57].…”

Section: Lack Of Evidence To Support the "Mmr Causes Autism" Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this paper, Wakefield et al proposed an elaborate sequence of events: that measles virus from the live-attenuated MMR vaccine caused intestinal inflammation, the inflamed intestines became "leaky", allowing undefined harmful proteins to enter the bloodstream, travel to the brain and cause autism. In 2000, Wakefield and colleagues published a second paper in which white blood cells in the same 9 autistic children (with what was now referred to as "autistic enterocolitis") were examined for the presence of measles virus [9]. Using polymerase chain reaction, the authors reported that measles virus RNA fragments were found in 3 out of the 9 children, but in none of 22 controls, lending credence to the "leaky-gut" theory [9].…”

Section: Genesis Of the "Vaccines Cause Autism" Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2000, Wakefield and colleagues published a second paper in which white blood cells in the same 9 autistic children (with what was now referred to as "autistic enterocolitis") were examined for the presence of measles virus [9]. Using polymerase chain reaction, the authors reported that measles virus RNA fragments were found in 3 out of the 9 children, but in none of 22 controls, lending credence to the "leaky-gut" theory [9]. Additional theories of the putative association between vaccines and ASDs include: 1.…”

Section: Genesis Of the "Vaccines Cause Autism" Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vaccines and Autism – An Unlikely Connection

Chatterjee¹,

Moffatt²

2011

Autism - A Neurodevelopmental Journey From Genes to Behaviour

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“…He and several colleagues later published additional papers elaborating the hypothesis that dysbiosis in the gut, combined with impaired protein hydrolysis, leads to autoimmune lesions in the duodenum that are associated with extensive colonic lymphoid hyperplasia. The release of undigested peptides into the vasculature across a leaky gut barrier and, ultimately, from the vasculature across a leaky blood-brain barrier, could induce encephalopathy [165][166][167].…”

Section: Rôle Of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%