Detection and genetic characterization of porcine group A rotaviruses in asymptomatic pigs in smallholder farms in East Africa: Predominance of P[8] genotype resembling human strains

Amimo, Joshua O.; Jung'a, J.O.; Ogara, W. O.; Vlasova, Anastasia N.; Njahira, Moses; Maina, Solomon; Okoth, Edward; Bishop, Richard P.; Saif, Linda J.; Djikeng, Appolinaire

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.027

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The presence of group A, B, C and H porcine RVs has been confirmed in several African countries [65,117,121,122,123]. The prevalence of porcine RVA in Kenya and Uganda reported in the recent study by Amimo et al of 26.2% [65] was higher compared to the prevalence rates of 6.5%–25.7% reported for samples collected in 2004–2011 in the USA [65], several European countries [75,84,85], Thailand [89], and India [124], but however, lower (32.7%–38.3%) to those observed in Vietnam [74], Brazil [80] and Korea [76].…”

Section: Global Porcine Rv Distribution and Genotype Prevalence: Amentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Infections by RVAs are confirmed in pigs worldwide with or without association with diarrhea [63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74]. RVA prevalence rates in pigs vary from 3.3% to 67.3% without evidence of seasonality, but with spatio-temporal fluctuations and re-emergence of certain genotypes, including G9 and G1 [67,71,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87], with farm-level prevalence reaching 61%–74% [73,74].…”

Section: Rv Genogroup/genotype Classification and Prevalence In Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…RVA prevalence rates in pigs vary from 3.3% to 67.3% without evidence of seasonality, but with spatio-temporal fluctuations and re-emergence of certain genotypes, including G9 and G1 [67,71,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87], with farm-level prevalence reaching 61%–74% [73,74]. Twelve G genotypes (G1 to G6, G8 to G12, and G26) and 16 P genotypes (P[1] to P[8], P[11], P[13], P[19], P[23], P[26], P[27], P[32], and P[34]) of RVA have been associated with pigs [65,67,70,72,73,74,84,88,89,90,91]. However, G3, G4, G5, G9 and G11 were historically considered the most common G genotypes in swine and were usually associated with P[5], P[6], P[7], P[13] and P[28] [16,89,92].…”

Section: Rv Genogroup/genotype Classification and Prevalence In Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of porcine RVA in Kenya and Uganda reported in the recent study by Amimo et al of 26.2% [65] was higher compared to the prevalence rates of 6.5%–25.7% reported for samples collected in 2004–2011 in the USA [65], several European countries [75,84,85], Thailand [89], and India [124], but however, lower (32.7%–38.3%) to those observed in Vietnam [74], Brazil [80] and Korea [76]. It was lower than that reported for samples collected in the US in 2009–2011 [69], in asymptomatic pigs in Italy (71.5%) [70] or previously reported for South Africa (84.6%) [123].…”

Section: Global Porcine Rv Distribution and Genotype Prevalence: Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine Rotaviruses: Epidemiology, Immune Responses and Control Strategies

Vlasova

Amimo

Saif

2017

Viruses

163

197

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Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals and children worldwide. Immunocompetent adults of different species become resistant to clinical disease due to post-infection immunity, immune system maturation and gut physiological changes. Of the 9 RV genogroups (A–I), RV A, B, and C (RVA, RVB, and RVC, respectively) are associated with diarrhea in piglets. Although discovered decades ago, porcine genogroup E RVs (RVE) are uncommon and their pathogenesis is not studied well. The presence of porcine RV H (RVH), a newly defined distinct genogroup, was recently confirmed in diarrheic pigs in Japan, Brazil, and the US. The complex epidemiology, pathogenicity and high genetic diversity of porcine RVAs are widely recognized and well-studied. More recent data show a significant genetic diversity based on the VP7 gene analysis of RVB and C strains in pigs. In this review, we will summarize previous and recent research to provide insights on historic and current prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine RVs in different geographic regions and production systems. We will also provide a brief overview of immune responses to porcine RVs, available control strategies and zoonotic potential of different RV genotypes. An improved understanding of the above parameters may lead to the development of more optimal strategies to manage RV diarrheal disease in swine and humans.

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Section: Global Porcine Rv Distribution and Genotype Prevalence: Amentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Rv Genogroup/genotype Classification and Prevalence In Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rv Genogroup/genotype Classification and Prevalence In Swinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global Porcine Rv Distribution and Genotype Prevalence: Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine Rotaviruses: Epidemiology, Immune Responses and Control Strategies

Vlasova

Amimo

Saif

2017

Viruses

163

197

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“…Swine rotavirus has a worldwide distribution and has been reported in Africa [37], Vietnam [38], England [39], Italy [40] and Brazil [33,41].…”

Section: Swine Rotavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques in the Veterinary Diagnosis of Viral Gastroenteritis in Livestock Animals

Catroxo¹,

Martins²

2018

Stomach Disorders

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Gastroenteritis caused by viruses is considered to be one of the most important diseases in livestock, being the main cause of morbidity and mortality in young animals, culminating in serious economic losses due to costs with prophylaxis and treatment, increased susceptibility of animals to secondary infections, developmental delay and death. Stressful factors may support the onset of illness. Several viral agents can cause gastroenteritis in various animal species. Rotaviruses are considered the main cause of enteric infections in various animals, including humans constituting important zoonosis. Due to genetic diversity and their ability to cross the species barrier, the coronaviruses infect many species. In cattle, they cause "Winter Dysentery" in adult animals and "Neonatal Diarrhea" in newborn calves. In swine, they are responsible for "Transmissible Gastroenteritis" and "Swine Epidemic Diarrhea." Equines infected with coronavirus also develop severe gastroenteritis. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) caused by a flavivirus of the genus Pestivirus is related to digestive and reproductive disorders, affecting any productive sector, are it cut, milk or confinement. Transmission electron microscopy is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of viral gastroenteric infectious diseases. Negative staining is a simple, fast and efficient technique, being ideal for the detection of gastroenteric viruses, being easily visualized. The immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) technique allows increasing the sensitivity of virus detection where low concentrations of virus are aggregated so that they may be more easily seen. The immunolabeling with colloidal gold technique utilizes specific antibodies tagged with particles of colloidal gold to label the antigen antibody reaction. Embedding resin technique allows obtaining information on the virus-cell interaction. The different transmission electron microscopy modalities promotes a fast and accurate diagnosis of the different gastroenteric viral agents, allowing prophylactic measures of control and prevention in the creations to be promptly instituted, avoiding animal losses and disastrous economic losses, and collaborating with the National Porcine and Bovine Agribusiness.

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