Desigualdades Salariais De Gênero No Primeiro Emprego, Reemprego E Remanescentes Nos Setores Econômicos: Evidências Para O Sul Do Brasil

Abstract

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as evidências das desigualdades salariais de gênero segundo os setores econômicos e as classes de emprego na região sul do Brasil. A partir dos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais de 2013, do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, aplicou-se a decomposição salarial de Oaxaca-Blinder. Os resultados encontrados na região comprovam a prática discriminatória de salários contra as mulheres, mesmo no setor de serviços, em que a absorção ocupacional das mulheres é maior. Na agricultura e na indústria, as mulheres são discriminadas duplamente, tanto na inserção ocupacional quanto nos salários, agravando-se no setor industrial. Os dados favoráveis às mulheres estão no setor de comércio e na contratação do primeiro emprego, contrariamente às mulheres inseridas de forma remanescente no mercado de trabalho na região sul do país, cujas evidências são pouco exploradas na literatura brasileira.

About sad legacies: a study of the intergenerational occupational legacy in Brazil

“…This also occurs for workers who exercise a primary occupation, compared to those employed in the secondary segment of the Brazilian labor market. This result reinforces the theory of the segmented labor market in which individuals in primary occupations are better paid when compared to workers in a secondary occupation (Doeringer and Piore, 1970; Vietorisz and Harrison, 1973; Cacciamali, 1978; Lima, 1980; Gomes, 2016; Mantovani, 2018 and Paiva, 2019).…”

“…A woman receives 21.4%–38.01% less compared to men depending on the percentile. There is also a skin color wage inequality, and this worsens when the percentile is higher, reaching a difference of 16.45% in favor of workers with white skin color (q90).The data show a probable process of wage discrimination since the fact of being a woman or being of a nonwhite skin color leads to lower wage results, as shown by alternative studies (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder, 1973; Loureiro, 2003; Gomes, 2016). These impacts are greater the higher the wages.…”

“…This tradition contributes to the permanence of wage differences between gender, as seen in the studies by Cacciamali and Hirata (2005), Salvato et al (2008), Souza (2011), Gomes (2016) and Mantovani (2018). Table 4 shows hourly wages of workers by gender and occupational inheritance.…”

“…Empirical studies have been developed to test these theories, regarding the insertion and remuneration in the labor market. In Brazil, Soares (2000), Salvato et al (2008), Souza (2011), Souza and Gomes (2015), Gomes (2016), Mantovani (2018) and Paiva (2019), using various methodologies, identified that the characteristics of individuals determine the choices on the part of employers, such as candidates’ education, experience, age, gender, race or socioeconomic status, among others. Higher educated men, with more professional experience and with better socioeconomic status obtained the best jobs.…”

“…Empirical studies confirm the influence of the variables pointed out by the theories, such as education and experience (human capital); economic sector and occupations (dual market) and also gender and color (discrimination), both in determining the occupational allocation and in work remuneration. (Cacciamali and Hirata, 2005; Salvato et al , 2008; Souza and Gomes, 2015; Gomes, 2016; Mantovani, 2018; Paiva, 2019).…”