Design optimization of interior permanent magnet sychronous machines for traction application over a given driving cycle

Qi, Li; Fan, Tie; Xu, Wen; Li, Ye; Wang, Zuoliang; Guo, Jing

doi:10.1109/iecon.2017.8216321

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Some recent approaches try to give the working cycle more importance in the optimization process. In Li et al (2017) the operational cycle is divided into a number of squares, for each of which the equivalent torque and speed are computed as the geometrical center of gravity. These points are weighted according to the importance of the respective square concerning the whole operational cycle.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Torque/Speed-Points and Working Cycles in Designing Electric Motors

Schmelcher¹,

Büning²,

Kreisköther³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Research in Engineering, Science and Technology

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Designing electric motors is a task, where various requirements and objectives have to be met simultaneously. To achieve this, different approaches to the design optimization problem of electric motors have been developed. Especially today, one of the most important properties of an electric motor is its efficiency. Therefore, it is important to include the efficiency into the design process since at this stage, gains in energy efficiency can be made very cost-effective. Typically, state of the art is to consider only distinct operational points and not the whole operational cycle in the design optimization.To demonstrate that the whole working cycle of an electric motor should be included into the design optimization, is subject of this paper. Based on a literature survey of recent design optimization methods the current state of the art will be presented. The main objective of this paper is dedicated to the design of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Using genetic algorithms, the motor will be designed several times with varying operational points. As will be seen, for the sake of minimal energy requirement, the whole working cycle and not only distinct operational points have to be considered in the design optimization.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Torque/Speed-Points and Working Cycles in Designing Electric Motors

Schmelcher¹,

Büning²,

Kreisköther³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Research in Engineering, Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Electric motors are one of the critical components in electric vehicle (EV) power trains. The design of these electric motors can be a challenging task as it involves multiple design considerations such as the efficiency, cost, size, weight, and torque quality or a combination of them [1][2][3][4]. Traditionally, the EV motor design mainly focuses on one or two key working points of the torque-speed envelope [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Drive Cycle-Based Traction Motor Design Strategies Using Gradient Optimisation

et al. 2022

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In this paper, two design optimisation methods are evaluated using gradient-based optimisation for electric vehicle traction applications. A driving cycle-based approach is used to evaluate specific operational points for the design optimisation procedure. To determine the operational points, an energy centre of gravity (ECG) approach is used. Both optimisation methods are described, namely the point based method and the flux mapping method, with a focus on the flux mapping procedure. Within the flux mapping approach, an inner optimisation loop is defined in order to maintain the stability of gradient calculation for the gradient-based optimisation. An emphasis is placed on the importance of how the optimisation problem is defined, in terms of the objective function and constraints, and how it affects a gradient based optimisation. Based on a design case study conducted in the paper, it is found that the point-based strategy realised motor designs with a slightly lower overall cost (5.66% lower than that of the flux mapping strategy with 8 ECG points), whereas the flux mapping strategy found motor designs with a lower input energy (1.48% lower than that of the point-based strategy with 8 ECG points). This may be attributed to the difference in the definition and interpretation of constraints between these two methods. It is also shown that including more operational points from the driving cycle in the design optimisation leads to designs with reduced total input energy and thus better drive-cycle energy efficiency. This paper further illustrates the significant computational advantages of a gradient-based optimisation over a global optimisation method as it can be completed within a fraction of the time while still finding a global optimum, as long as the problem definition is correctly determined.

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“…The FE has the advantage to be accurate compared to the analytical models and is applicable to solve non-linear and highly saturated problems and especially complex machine's geometries but may suffer from high computation time. To reduce the computation time for optimization of electric machines using finite element calculations, the driving cycle is reduced to few equivalent operating points [9][10][11][12]. The energy over the entire driving cycle is evaluated and some equivalent operating points are extracted with appropriate weights to have an equal energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of Multi-Layer Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Electric Vehicle Applications

Cisse

Hlioui

Belhadi³

et al. 2021

Energies

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This paper presents a comparison between two design methodologies applied to permanent magnet synchronous machines for hybrid and electric vehicles (HEVs and EVs). Both methodologies are based on 2D finite element models and coupled to a genetic algorithm to optimize complex non-linear geometries such as multi-layer permanent magnet machines. To reduce the computation duration to evaluate Induced Voltage and Iron Losses for a given electrical machine configuration, a new methodology based on geometrical symmetries and magnetic symmetries are used and is detailed. Two electromagnetic models have been developed and used in the design stage. The first model was the stepped rotor position finite element analysis called abc model which considered the spatial harmonics without any approximation of the waveform of flux linkage inside the stator, and the second model was based on a fixed rotor position called dq model, with the approximation that the waveform of flux linkage inside the stator was sinuous. These two methodologies are applied to the design of a synchronous machine for HEVs and EVs applications. Design results and performances are analyzed, and the advantages and drawbacks of each methodology are presented. It was found that the dq model is at least 5 times faster than the abc model with high precision for both the torque and induce voltage evaluation in most cases. However, it is not the case for the iron losses computation. The iron loss model based on dq model is less accurate than the abc model with a relative deviation from the abc model greater than 70% at high control angle. The choice of the electromagnetic model during the optimization process will therefore influence the geometry and the performances of the obtained electrical machine after the optimization.

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Design optimization of interior permanent magnet sychronous machines for traction application over a given driving cycle

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

The Importance of Torque/Speed-Points and Working Cycles in Designing Electric Motors

The Importance of Torque/Speed-Points and Working Cycles in Designing Electric Motors

Evaluation of Drive Cycle-Based Traction Motor Design Strategies Using Gradient Optimisation

Design Optimization of Multi-Layer Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Electric Vehicle Applications

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