Design of Vegetative Filters for Feedlot Runoff Treatment in Humid Areas

Vanderholm, Dale H.; Dickey, Elbert C.

doi:10.13031/2013.34646

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Results from monitoring soils, crops, and ground water in the filter areas studied are contained in a final project report (Vanderholm et al, 1979). The final report and an associated paper (Vanderholm and Dickey, 1978) also contain recommended design criteria and management practices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative Filter Treatment of Livestock Feedlot Runoff

Dickey¹,

Vanderholm

1981

J of Env Quality

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Four vegetative filters were installed on feedlots in central and northern Illinois. Two configurations were used: channelized Dow and overland Dow. After settling for partial solids removal, runoff was applied directly to the fUters and allowed to Dow from the inlet to the outlet section. Results from measurement analyses and sampling of influent, efOuent, and surface Dow at intermediate points were reported. Most runoff events were infiltrated completely, resulting in no filter discharge. Runoff from larger events was partially discharged. Filters removed as much as 9511Jo of nutrients and oxygen-demanding materials from the applied runoff on a weight basis, and 8011Jo on a concentration basis. Removal was directly related to Dow distance or contact time with the filter. Channelized Dow with greater Dow depths required greater contact time or Dow distance than shallow overland Dow to achieve the same level of treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative Filter Treatment of Livestock Feedlot Runoff

Dickey¹,

Vanderholm

1981

J of Env Quality

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“…Extensive experimental programs have been conducted and a range of models have been developed to describe the performance of buffer strips (e.g., Wilson 1967, Butler and others 1974, Tollner and others 1976, 1977, 1982, Barfield and others 1977, Vanderholm and Dickey 1978, Hayes and others 1979a--c, Hayes and Hairston 1983, Dillaha and others 1985, 1989, Williams and Nicks 1988, Flanagan and others 1989, Lee and others 1989. A wide variety of terms have been used to describe a grass buffer strip in the agricultural engineering literature and these include vegetative filter strips, grass filters, vegetative buffer strips, filter strips, or buffer strips.…”

Section: Agricultural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: A review

Barling¹,

Moore

1994

Environmental Management

217

137

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/ A buffer strip can perform a multitude of functions, and these include channel stability, a filter for sediment and nutrients, water purification (e.g., bacteria and pathogens), a nondisturbance area, and the provision of terrestrial and stream habitat. These functions are reviewed with specific application to Australian conditions, and methods for modeling their performance are outlined. The primary focus is on the use of buffer strips to minimize waterway pollution from diffuse sources since their use is often justified on this basis. Particular attention is given to the conditions under which a buffer strip will act as an effective filter and the conditions under which it will fail. Buffer strips are most effective when the flow is shallow (nonsubmerged), slow, and enters the buffer strip uniformly along its length. Their sediment trapping performance decreases as the sediment particle size decreases. Nutrients are often preferentially attached to fine sediment. As a result, buffer strips are better filters of sediment than of nutrients. Buffer strips should only be considered as a secondary conservation practice after controlling the generation of pollutants at their source and, to be effective, buffer strips should always be carefully designed, installed, and maintained.The term buffer strip means different things to different people. In agricultural and some forestry operations a buffer strip normally implies a strip of vegetation that acts as a filter for sediment and their attached nutrients and pollutants. In this way it improves or maintains the quality of water further downslope. Some view a buffer strip as the wetlands that delay and purify water adjacent to rivers and streams, while others think of it as the riparian zone (i.e., situated along the banks of a river or stream) that influences bank and channel stability and which has a primary role in determining the structure and function of the stream habitat. Each of these examples involves a mixture of physical and biological processes and often multiple functions. In determining if a buffer strip is an appropriate management strategy for a given problem, the following five questions need to be answered: (1) What are the processes involved? (2) What variety of functions can a vegetative strip serve? (3) How well does it perform these functions? (4) How often (i.e., when)? (5) Exactly where does it need to perform these functions? The physical processes that are involved vary, depending on a wide KEY WORDS: Buffer strips; Vegetative filter strips; Sediment; Nutrients; Waterway pollution *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.range of factors including soil type, vegetation, land use, rainfall intensity and duration, and location within a landscape. This paper examines these questions. While a buffer strip can perform a multitude of functions including channel stability, a filter for sediment and nutrients, water purification (e.g., bacteria and pathogens), a nondisturbance area, and the provision of terrestrial and stream habit...

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“…VFSs are widely used and are increasingly viewed as a practical, low-cost management option for improving the quality of overland flow from non-point pollution source areas (Chaubey et al 1995; Lim et al 1998; Lewis et al 2010). VFSs can remove pollutants by various mechanisms, which might include decomposition, vegetative consumption, volatilization, and infiltration, adsorption of pollutants, dilution, filtration and settling (Vanderholm and Dickey 1979; Koelsch et al 2006; Koelsch and Ward 2009). The effectiveness of VFS for sediment removal in overland flow from strip mines, nutrients and solids removal from feedlot, pasture and cropland and treatment of wastewater was demonstrated more decades ago (Doran and Linn 1979; Gross et al 1991; Coyne et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and design of vegetative filter strips instrumental in improving water quality by mass reduction of suspended sediment, nutrients and Escherichia coli in overland flows in eastern escarpment of Mau Forest, Njoro River Watershed, Kenya

Olilo

Onyando

Moturi

et al. 2016

Energ. Ecol. Environ.

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This study assessed the effect of vegetative filter strip (VFS) in removal of suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen, total phosphorus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in overland flow to improve receiving water quality standards. Four and half kilograms of cowpat manure was applied to the model pasture 14 m beyond the edge of vegetated filter strip (VFS) comprising 10-m Napier grass draining into 20-m Kikuyu grass (VFS II), 10-m Kikuyu grass draining into 20-m Napier grass (VFS III) and native grass mixture of Couch–Buffel (VFS I-control). Overland flow water samples were collected from the sites at positions 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 m along the length of VFSs. E. coli removal by Napier grass VFS was on the order of log unit, which provided an important level of protection and reduced surface-flow concentrations of E. coli to below the 200 (CFU 100 mL−1) recommended water quality standards, but not for nutrients and SS. The Napier grass showed highest efficiency (99.6 %), thus outperforming both Kikuyu grass (85.8 %) and Couch–Buffel grasses VFS (67.9 ± 4.2 %) in removing E. coli from overland flow. The low-level efficiency of native Couch–Buffel grasses in reducing E. coli in overland flow was because of preferential flow. Composition and design of VFS was instrumental and could be applied with a high potential of contracting the uncertainty in improving water quality standards through mass reduction of SS, nutrients and E. coli load in watersheds.

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Design of Vegetative Filters for Feedlot Runoff Treatment in Humid Areas

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Vegetative Filter Treatment of Livestock Feedlot Runoff

Vegetative Filter Treatment of Livestock Feedlot Runoff

Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: A review

Composition and design of vegetative filter strips instrumental in improving water quality by mass reduction of suspended sediment, nutrients and Escherichia coli in overland flows in eastern escarpment of Mau Forest, Njoro River Watershed, Kenya

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