Design of stainless steel porous surfaces by oxide reduction with hydrogen

Badin, Valentin; Diamanti, Entela; Forêt, Pierre; Horgnies, Matthieu; Darque-Ceretti, Évelyne

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.142

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This would not be surprising, since the columns were not subjected to a defined pretreatment procedure before the experiments. Exposure of the stainless steel surface oxide layer to heated hydrogen is an established method to increase the porosity of the surface [22]. To take into account the formed porosity of the surface, we applied the mobile adsorption model described in [11].…”

Section: Hydrogen Carrier Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochromatographic behavior of iodine in 316L stainless steel columns when evaporated from lead–bismuth eutectic

Karlsson

Neuhausen

Eichler

et al. 2021

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Iodine evaporated from lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) has been examined with respect to its adsorption behavior on stainless steel in various gases to establish a base for safety evaluations on LBE based nuclear reactors. In inert conditions the iodine forms a single species with an adsorption enthalpy between − 97 and − 106 kJ/mol. The adsorbed species is tentatively identified as bismuth monoiodide, BiI. Addition of moisture to the inert gas has no substantial influence on the adsorption behaviour. For the reducing hydrogen carrier gas depositions with adsorption enthalpies ranging from − 87 to − 134 kJ/mol were observed in dry and water saturated conditions. The larger variation of adsorption enthalpies compared to analogous experiments in helium likely result from surface effects induced by the reactive gas. Formation of highly volatile species such as hydrogen iodide HI was not observed. In oxidizing conditions multiple iodine species with adsorption enthalpies ranging from − 67 to − 83 kJ/mol were observed, with the exception of one experiment where only a lower limit of –ΔHads < 64 kJ/mol could be determined due to high volatility. The species occurring in oxidizing atmosphere are most likely monatomic iodine, iodine oxides and hydroxides. While oxygen as a carrier gas changes the speciation of iodine to more volatile compounds, it also introduces a retentive effect on the evaporation of iodine from the LBE sample. These results provide important information that establish a better understanding of safety related aspects pertaining to iodine transport in an LBE reactor. The determined thermodynamic data can be used for safety assessments of LBE-based nuclear facilities in normal operation conditions as well as for accident scenarios.

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Section: Hydrogen Carrier Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochromatographic behavior of iodine in 316L stainless steel columns when evaporated from lead–bismuth eutectic

Karlsson

Neuhausen

Eichler

et al. 2021

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Badin et al explored an approach of reducing oxides to form stainless steel with a micron porous surface by heating to 1100 • C in a hydrogen atmosphere. However, the mechanism via which the reducing atmosphere, temperature, and pressure impact the reduction and pore formation is not clear [12]. Turkdogan et al reduced Fe 2 O 3 and FeO under a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and water vapor and assessed the formation of pores [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrogen Reduction on the Properties of Porous High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

Zhang

Ngai

et al. 2022

Materials

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This work explores the impact of hydrogen reduction on sintering and nitriding of porous high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel (HNASS) processed via powder metallurgy. A temperature-resolved hydrogen reduction (temperature range of 700–1250 °C) was performed to evaluate the phase composition of porous HNASS. The systematic microstructure was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The compressive mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion behavior of the unreduced and reduced samples were discussed. Samples reduced in hydrogen at 1100 °C and 1250 °C show better compressive properties while still retaining good corrosion resistance. Reduction of oxide facilitates sintering thus improves the compressive properties. Increasing the content of solute nitrogen and reducing the precipitation of nitride can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of porous HNASS.

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Isothermal Reduction Behavior of Oxide Scale on the Surface of Hot‐Rolled Strip Steel Under Different Hydrogen Concentrations

He,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The oxide scale on the surface of hot‐rolled low‐carbon steel strips is subjected to isothermal reduction in 10 vol%H2–Ar and 20 vol%H2–Ar environments to simulate the reduction process that occurs in a continuous annealing furnace. The influence of hydrogen concentration on the reduction kinetics and the microstructural evolution of the oxide scale after reduction at temperatures ranging from 450 to 850 °C for a duration of 20 min are investigated in detail. The mass changes of the oxide scale in the two gases are quantified using a thermogravimetric analyzer. This data is then employed to calculate the reduction rate constant and the apparent activation energy. To examine the microstructure and element distribution, electron probe microanalysis and energy‐dispersive spectrometry are employed. An novel approach is also undertaken to assess the reduction degree of the oxide scale by measuring surface microhardness. In the findings, it is indicated that an increase in hydrogen concentration served primarily to accelerate the reduction reaction within the temperature ranges of 450–550 and 800–850 °C. Meanwhile, the mechanism of physical transformation of oxide scale, the microstructure of reduction layer, and hydrogen concentration on reduction efficiency under different reaction stages are proposed.

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Design of stainless steel porous surfaces by oxide reduction with hydrogen

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Thermochromatographic behavior of iodine in 316L stainless steel columns when evaporated from lead–bismuth eutectic

Thermochromatographic behavior of iodine in 316L stainless steel columns when evaporated from lead–bismuth eutectic

Influence of Hydrogen Reduction on the Properties of Porous High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

Isothermal Reduction Behavior of Oxide Scale on the Surface of Hot‐Rolled Strip Steel Under Different Hydrogen Concentrations

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