Design of intermediate layers for solution-processed tandem organic solar cells: Guidelines from a case study on TiOx and ZnO

Lechêne, Balthazar; Perrier, Gérard; Emmanouil, Konstantinos; Κέννου, Στέλλα; Bouthinon, Benjamin; Bettignies, Rémi de

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.08.032

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Regarding this issue, Yang et al found that the UV-light treatment is effective to eliminate the "S-shaped" kink in the J-V curves. [126] The devices with the ZnO-based ICL have regular diode J-V curves when the ZnO/PEDOT:PSS ICL was incorporated either above or underneath the active layer. The small carrier concentration in the conduction band of TMOs upon Fermi-level alignment leads to a large width of the triangular barrier, which significantly blocks both the extraction and injection of the electrons at the interface.…”

Section: Solution Processable Conjugated Polymers As Ail Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Another method to test the performance of intermediate contact is to incorporate the ICL into a single‐junction OSC device. Lechêne et al investigated the electrical contact of ZnO/PEDOT:PSS and TiO x /PEDOT:PSS ICLs by incorporating the ZnO‐ or TiO x ‐ICL in the OSC device . The devices with the ZnO‐based ICL have regular diode J – V curves when the ZnO/PEDOT:PSS ICL was incorporated either above or underneath the active layer.…”

Section: Solution Processable Conjugated Polymers As Ail Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Hou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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With appropriate charge transport layers, one can rationally engineer the driving force, which generally refers to the built-in electric field in devices, so that electrons and holes can be effectively extracted to their respective electrodes, and thereby maximize the efficiency of OSCs. [4] There are two main types of charge transport materials that are commonly used in OSCs: anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials for hole collection and electron transport layer (ETL) materials for electron collection. However, at present, the development of AIL materials is comparatively lagging, as compared to ETL materials. For ETL materials, many materials, such as low-work-function metal, [5] small-molecule organic compounds, [6] nonconjugated and conjugated polymers, [7] and transition metal oxides (TMO), [8] have been proven effective in improving the electron collection efficiency in OSCs. In sharp contrast, only a few materials, such as poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [9] and MoO 3 , [10] have been extensively used as AILs in OSCs. Generally, the AIL serves two functions: 1) Improving the selectivity and efficiency of hole transport and collection. First, by using AILs, the work function (W F ) of the anode can be effectively enhanced, which helps to construct a built-in electric field in the device with the combination of a low-W F cathode. The built-in electric field provides the fundamental driving force that transfers holes to the anode, where the holes are subsequently collected (Figure 1a). [11] Second, with the modification of the AILs, the W F of the anode can be enhanced to be higher than the positive integer charge-transfer state (E ICT + ) of the donor, in which case the Fermi-level pinning to the E ICT + level occurs to reduce the hole collection barrier at the anode interface (Figure 1b). [12] Third, AILs should effectively block the electrons, reducing the charge recombination at the interface. [13] 2) Improving the physical contact between the anodes and the active layers. With the modification of AILs, the hydrophilic surface of anodes can be changed, which enhances the wettability and film quality of the active layers deposited on the anode surfaces. Moreover, the anode surface can be smoothed by an AIL to passivate surface defects and pinholes, which decreases the leakage current of the OSC devices. To efficiently realize the above functions, AIL materials should possess several characteristics, including a high W F value, exceptional optical transparency, excellent hole In recent years, solution-processed conjugated polymers have been extensively used as anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their excellent film-forming property and low-temperature processing advantages. In this review, the authors focus on the recent advances in conjugated polymers as AIL materials in OSCs. Several of the main classes of solution-processable conjugated polymers, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline, polyt...

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Section: Solution Processable Conjugated Polymers As Ail Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Solution Processable Conjugated Polymers As Ail Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Hou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Especially, with many efficient active layer materials developed in recent years such as high-performance non-fullerene acceptors, more complex factors need to be comprehensively considered for selecting the proper cathode interlayer to realize the best photovoltaic performance of the active layer. Moreover, an unsuitable cathode interlayer will severely depress the PSC performance, as is demonstrated in the previous work [35,36] . To date, the selection of CIL highly depends on the method of material screening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Significant influence of doping effect on photovoltaic performance of efficient fullerene-free polymer solar cells

Kang

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Chemistry

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“…Vacuum deposited low work function metals, typically used as the electron collecting electrode, are also being replaced with electrodes based on solution-processed organic materials [52] or metal oxides [53], enabling fully solution processed devices [39,42,[54][55][56]. Efficiency and stability, which have historically been poorer for OPVs than for most other PV technologies, are being improved through the design of new active layer and contact materials; as well as new architectures such as tandem cells and modules with high geometric fill factors [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. Due to these improvements, many monolithically integrated flexible OPV modules have been achieved using roll-to-roll or roll-to-roll-compatible coating processes [6,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71].…”

Section: Organicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible photovoltaic power systems: integration opportunities, challenges and advances

Ostfeld

Arias

2017

Flex. Print. Electron.

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Photovoltaic power systems, consisting of solar modules, energy storage, and power management electronics, are of great importance for applications ranging from off-grid and portable power to ambient light harvesting for sensor nodes. Co-design and integration of the components using printing and coating methods on flexible substrates enable the production of effective and customizable systems for these diverse applications. In this article, we review photovoltaic module and energy storage technologies suitable for integration into flexible power systems. We discuss the design of electrical characteristics for these systems that enable them to power desired loads efficiently, as well as strategies for physically combining the components. Functions and design considerations of power management electronics are presented along with recent progress toward printed and flexible power electronics. We analyze both hybrid and fully flexible photovoltaic systems and the critical role of the application in the choices of materials and architectures for the system components.

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Design of intermediate layers for solution-processed tandem organic solar cells: Guidelines from a case study on TiOx and ZnO

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Significant influence of doping effect on photovoltaic performance of efficient fullerene-free polymer solar cells

Flexible photovoltaic power systems: integration opportunities, challenges and advances

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