Design of Antennas for a Rectenna System of Wireless Power Transfer in the LTE/WLAN Frequency Band

Kumar

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

et al. 2021

In the past two decades number of studies have been reported on the use of thermoplastics as a substrate for 3D printed patch antennas. However, no work has been reported on the thermoplastic-thermosetting composite-based substrate for 3D printed patch antennas and their mechanical, morphological, rheological, and radiofrequency (RF) characterization for sensing applications. In this study low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE-5% bakelite (BAK) composite-based patch antenna (resonating frequency 2.45 GHz) were printed (for secondary recycling) on fused deposition modeling (FDM) setup. The RF characteristics were measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA). Ring resonator test was used for measuring the dielectric properties of substrates (which suggests that the dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]) and loss tangent ([Formula: see text]) for LDPE was 2.282 and 0.0045, whereas for LDPE-5%BAK the calculated [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was 2.0663, 0.0051 respectively). This study highlights that for the LDPE-5%BAK composite there was a marginal increase in the size of the patch antenna; but this resulted in improved transmittance, gain, and return loss for typical sensor applications. As regards to printability of substrate, 5% BAK resulted in a melt flow index (MFI) of 9.96 g/10 min in contrast to 12.208 g/10 min for a neat LDPE sample. The selected LDPE-5%BAK composite resulted in peak strength (PS) and break strength (BS) of 16.08 MPa and 14.47 MPa (at 180 °C screw temperature, 110 rpm, and 11 kg load) while processing with a twin-screw extruder (TSE), which was observed better than the neat LDPE (PS 11.98 MPa, BS 10.79 MPa). The results were supported with porosity (%), surface roughness (Ra) analysis based upon scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and bond strength using attenuated total reflection (ATR) based Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis.

Section: Designing Of Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

On comparison of recycled LDPE and LDPE–bakelite composite based 3D printed patch antenna

Kumar

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

et al. 2021

Rev. Téc. Ing. Univ. Zulia.

“…En otro orden de ideas, en lo referente al uso de los tipos de rectificadores de acuerdo a los sistemas de comunicaciones en RF, se obtuvo que en el sistema UMTS se han utilizado el diodo en serie [17,66,67,71] y el doblador de voltaje [16,73]. Mientras que para el sistema LTE, se han empleado las configuraciones de diodo en paralelo [38] y de doblador de voltaje [15,16,18,29]. Los cuatro tipos de configuraciones mencionados han sido usados en los sistemas ISM, GSM y WLAN, como se puede observar en la Figura 6. Rectenas para Sistemas de Comunicaciones en RF.…”

Section: Figura 6 Tipos De Rectificadores Utilizados En Lasunclassified

“…Con respecto a los filtros, se han implementado para prevenir que las componentes armónicas, las cuales pueden generarse por los elementos no lineales del rectificador, sean re-radiadas a la antena y aumenten las perdidas por desacoplamiento. Se han usado sus cuatro tipos, es decir, el pasa bajo [26,38,45,47,51,56,64,72,85,88], el pasa alto [17], el pasa banda [24] y el rechaza banda mediante una celda resonante microcinta compacta (Compact Microstrip Resonant Cell, CMRC) para suprimir una banda superior a la de diseño [48]. Cuando se han combinado ambos elementos, se emplea un filtro pasa bajo y un acoplador de impedancia [46,104] o un filtro pasa banda y un acoplador de impedancia [15] para obtener la mejora que aporta cada elemento.…”

Section: Figura 8 Porcentaje De Los Elementos Usados En Launclassified

Rectenas para el Cosechamiento de Energía de los Sistemas de Comunicaciones en RF: Una Revisión

Contreras

Eléctrica

Urdaneta³

2020

“…The amount of inset l in the element is chosen to match the patch impedance with that of the feed line [19], [20]. The microstrip line feeding is perhaps the simplest and costs the least, especially which can make for a wholly printed structure [21], [22]. After completing the single element geometry, to increase the receiving power level at the input of the rectifier, and to be able to improve the efficiency of the rectifier, the proposed 2 × 2, 2 × 4 and 4 × 4 rectangular patch antenna arrays are simulated and optimized using the high-frequency structure simulator HFSS [23].…”

Section: B Rectenna Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ku-Band Microwave Wireless Energy Transmission System Based on Rectifier Diode

Zhou

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

This paper demonstrates a Ku-band medium and long distance microwave wireless energy transmission system based on the rectifier diode. The transmitting compact Cassegrain antenna with an aperture of 1.5m forms a more centralized and uniform 2m × 2m field zone, which has more than 80% transmission efficiency. According to the distribution of receiving field, the multiple ways synthesizers connected to rectangular patch arrays are designed. And the results predict that the receiving efficiency of the antenna is directly related to the performance of the system, which reaches 50%, not including the possible insert loss. Besides, the Ku-band rectifying circuit is optimized and measured, and the comparing results show that the practical rectifier diode can obtain more than 40% conversion efficiency at the operating frequency of 12.75GHz. Finally, the microwave wireless energy transmission system is designed, and it finally obtains 4% DC-DC conversion efficiency at a distance of 60m, which is likely to be used in unmanned aerial vehicle hovering charging system, robot charging while working, isolated island wireless power supplying and wireless charging of various sensors. INDEX TERMS Wireless energy transmission, Cassegrain antenna, array antenna, rectenna, rectifier diode.